spending per student, by country

Yet behind these broad global trends there is substantial cross-country and cross-regional heterogeneity. The units in this figure are standard deviations of test results. This chart shows the education spending as a share of gross domestic product in selected countries in 2018. Similarly, after accounting for literacy proficiency, the percentage of individuals with tertiary education increases by 16 percentage points compared to someone who has upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education., Data on expenditure corresponds to 2010 total government education expenditure across all levels, as a share of GDP (source: World Bank Education Statistics). The visualization, using data from Szirmai (2005)11, shows government expenditure on education as a share of national income for a selection of low and middle-income countries, together with the corresponding average for high-income countries, for the period 1960-2010. Expenditure on tertiary education (% of government expenditure - Data These interventions seem to be much more cost-effective to improve test scores than conditional cash transfers, free school uniforms, or merit scholarships (further details on all interventions available from Dhaliwal et al. Franais OECD Data Education spending Related topics Education Education spending covers expenditure on schools, universities and other public and private educational institutions. Improving Education Outcomes in Developing Countries: Evidence, Knowledge Gaps, and Policy Implications. In general, the opportunity cost of labour is a key variable that governments in developing countries should factor in when deciding whether to expand education now, rather than later. The recent UNICEF report The Investment Case for Education and Equity shows that in low income countries, on average 46 percent of public resources are allocated to the 10 percent of students who are most educated while this figure goes down to 26 and 13 percent in lower-middle and upper-middle income countries respectively. In 2017, the US spent $12,800 per student on public education, which is the second-highest amount spent per student of any country in the world. by measuring outcomes at several points in time). The official documentation says: The UIS collects education statistics in aggregate form from official administrative sources at the national level. The Statista "Chart of the Day" currently focuses As we can see, with the exception of Switzerland, the United States spends more than any other country on education, an average of $91,700 per student between the ages of six and fifteen. To gauge the extent to which UIS data is reliable, the following visualization shows the proportions of regular and irregular data that countries make available (where Regular means data is available at least once every 3 years; and Irregular means data is available less frequently than every 3 years). 201644). As we can see, there is a positive correlation, but regional differences are stark: for almost every level of spending as a share of GDP along the horizontal axis, European countries (marked in light orange) spend a smaller budget share on education. South Dakota - 8.3%. the share of primary education within the education budget) is plotted against the overall priorization of education (i.e. In 2014, the US spent an average of $16,268 a year to educate a pupil from primary through tertiary education, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development's (OECD). To write comments, please log in to one of the accounts. The vertical axis shows the percentage of public education resources going to the 10% most educated or 10% least educated students as we can see expenditure is heavily concentrated at the top in many low income countries. (2005) The Dynamics of Socio-Economic Development: An Introduction. Taking the ratio of positive to negative effects detected in the literature as a proxy for what tends to work best, we can derive a second conclusion from the table: spending more resources on better teachers (i.e. As per the source notes: Percentage-point difference reflects the relative change of reporting to trust others compared to the reference category. improving teacher experience and teacher education) tends to work better to improve learning outcomes than simply increasing the number of teachers per pupil. internet, telecommunications and consumer electronics 27. As we can see there are three distinct periods: education spending was initially low and mainly private, then in 1833 funding began growing with local resources after the introduction of a law liberating communes to raise more local taxes for schools, and finally in 1881 the national government took over most of the financial responsibility after the introduction of a new law that abolished all fees and tuition charges in public elementary schools. Have gains from historical education expansion fully materialized? The source for the visualization below Tanzi & Schuktnecht (2000) compiles estimates from many sources, including: League of Nations Statistical Yearbook (various years), Mitchell (1962), OECD Education at a Glance (1996), UNESCO World Education Report (1993), UNDP Human Development Report (1996), UN World Economics Survey (various years). Today, public resources still dominate funding for the primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education levels in these countries. This pattern is something specific to the education sector within the broader development assistance landscape: in the healthcare sector the overall slowdown of flows started a couple of years later, was less abrupt, and affected proportionally less the sub-Saharan countries.21 Indeed, recent studies further highlight that development assistance for education is significantly different to assistance for healthcare in other ways: the education sector attracts less earmarked funding through multilaterals, and includes a smaller proportion of resources that developing governments can directly control for programming.22. Higher education spending by country 2019 | Statista Center for Universal Education. In most countries basic education is nowadays perceived not only as a right, but also as a duty governments are typically expected to ensure access to basic education, while citizens are often required by law to attain education up to a certain basic level.1. INFORMATION PAPER NO. Another, related but different source of education expenditure data, is the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), which publishes the Statistics of Public Expenditure for Economic Development (SPEED). Those individuals with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education are taken as the reference group, so the percentage point difference is expressed in relation to this group. Spending is shown in USD per student and as a percentage of GDP. The spending increased 10.8 percent despite the decline in student numbers. How much is spent per student on educational institutions - OECD Spending per student in K-12 public schools - USAFacts A recent article from the Huffington Post highlights this point, including interesting visualizations documenting the important role that federal funding plays in reducing expenditure inequalities. The conclusion from these figures is that, while public spending does reduce education inequality in low income countries, remaining inequalities could be further reduced by shifting resources towards lower levels of education. The following graph does this using data from the National Center for Education Statistics in the US. The following visualization presents three scatter plots using 2010 data to show the cross-country correlation between (i) education expenditure (as a share of GDP), (ii) mean years of schooling, and (iii) mean PISA test scores. Policy experiments have also shown that pre-school investment in demand-side inputs leads to large positive impacts on education and other important outcomes later in life. please visit our agency website, Your contact to the Infographics Newsroom, Find your information in our database containing over 20,000 reports, Our infographics team prepares current information in a clear and understandable format, Relevant facts covering media, economy, e-commerce, and FMCG topics, Use our newsletter overview to manage the topics that you have subscribed to. Education Spending Per Student By State - Governing This leads to a natural question: are pay-for-performance teacher contracts an effective instrument to improve learning outcomes? PISA, as well as TIMSS, are standardizing their results so that the average score of students from OECD countries is 500 and the student standard deviation is 100. Does Statista also create infographics in a customized design? Retrieved 2023-04-15. The time-series chart shows inequality by age group. Bear in mind that the estimates from the National Center for Education Statistics are not broken down by source of funds. Alternative incentive mechanisms, such as community-based monitoring of teachers, have been proposed as an alternative. District of Columbia received the most funding among all states and ranked second on expenditure per pupil. industries; and "Economy and Society", which For reference, the correlation for all countries in this scatter plot is 0.24. This is indicative of a complex education production function whereby for any given level of expenditure, output achieved depends crucially on the input mix. Handbook of the Economics of Education, Volume 2. Does Mass Deworming Affect Child Nutrition? Further details in Innovations for Poverty Action, 2014. Following the agreement of the Millennium Development Goals, the first decade of the 21st century saw an important increase in international financial flows under the umbrella of development assistance. The Gini coefficient is a measure of inequality and higher values indicate higher inequality you can read about the definition and estimation of Gini coefficients in our entry on income inequality. Education Expenditures by Country In 2017, the United States spent $14,100 per full-time-equivalent (FTE) student on elementary and secondary education, which was 37 percent higher than the average of Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) member countries of $10,300 (in constant 2019 U.S. dollars). Higher education spending as a share of GDP worldwide 2019, by country; Higher education spending per student worldwide by country 2019; Countries with the highest tuition fees in the OECD 2019 And these results hold after controlling for literacy, gender, age and monthly earnings. Public expenditure per student is the public current spending on education divided by the total number of students by level, as a percentage of GDP per capita. APAC: government education expenditure by country | Statista In other countries, such as France, the expansion of public education also took place initially with resources from local governments, but relatively quickly the fiscal burden was shifted to the national level. tertiary) there is more cross-country variation, but current expenditure still dominates by a large margin across all countries. As it can be seen, publicly funded pre-primary education tends to be more strongly developed in the European than the non-European countries of the OECD. Gov.cn. Country-specific statistics are another important source of long-run data on education spending. This source relies primarily on data from the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Thus, further reductions in education inequality are still to be expected within developing countries; and if the expansion of global education can be continued, we can speed up this important process of global convergence. School Resources. Age-specific education inequality, education mobility and income growth (No. 1 K-12 Teachers 2 Students 3 Education Support Professionals (ESP) 4 Higher Education The national average public school teacher salary in 2021-22 of $66,745 represented a 2.0% increase from the previous year. Nine states spent less than $10,000 per pupil as of 2019. The following visualization, plotting public expenditure on education as a share of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for a number of early-industrialized countries, shows that this expansion took place mainly through public funding.5 Our entry on Primary Education and Schools provides details regarding how this expansion in funding materialized in better education outcomes for these countries. Education > Spending per student > College and university: Spending includes instruction and ancillary services for students and families provided through educational institutions. Indeed, most of the available evidence on whether teacher quality and quantity matters is difficult to interpret causally, as it is hard to find instances where teacher quality / quantity varies exogenously. Four states spent more than $20,000 per pupil as of 2019. Feel free to contact us anytime using our contact form or visit our FAQ page. 2014. In Benin, households are actually spending more per secondary student ($402) than the government ($259). It shows that instruction accounts for almost half of expenditure; and while there are some small differences across sectors, there is a fair amount of stability in expenditures across time. Educator Pay Data | NEA Organisation for Economic. For example, in Norway, the percentage of individuals with tertiary education reporting to trust others increases by 20 percentage points compared to someone who has upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education. The first two sets of estimates correspond to the test-score impacts of enabling community assistants to provide remedial instruction specifically to low-performing children, either during school, or after school. Published by Leander von Kameke , May 2, 2022 In 2019, the government expenditure on education in Mongolia was approximately 4.94 percent of the national GDP. And those that increase the benefits of higher effort and better academic performance such as merit scholarships are likely to improve learning outcomes (see Glewwe and Muralidharan 2016 for further details on the underlying policy interventions, plus further evidence and discussion of results). Cunha, F., Heckman, J. J., Lochner, L., & Masterov, D. V. (2006). Does money buy strong performance in PISA? In many low-income countries, health problems are an important factor preventing children from attending school. It is also the main source of education data for most UN reports such as the EFA Global Monitoring Report (UNESCO), the Human Development Report (UNDP), the State of the Worlds Children report (UNICEF) and the Millennium Development Goals (UN). School Resources. Education Data Release: New Indicators and More Data for Countries in Average reading performance in PISA and average spending per student; Education expenditure as share of GDP in the United States; Education spending as a share of total government expenditure; Funding sources for public schools; GDP per capita vs. staff compensation as share of total expenditure in primary public education Countries Compared. All of our charts can be embedded in any site. Use this code to embed the visualisation into your website. The US spends more on education than other countries - The Guardian 2016. Retrieved 2022-05-31. COE - Education Expenditures by Country - National Center for Education 1. Elsevier. Apart from the above-mentioned issues regarding the availability of data, comparing education financing between different countries can be challenging because the way that expenses are categorized is not always consistent. In the UIS database, government expenditure on education includes spending by local/municipal, regional and national governments, on public and private educational institutions, education administration, and subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities). This claim is clearly only descriptive, since there are many underlying variables that simultaneously drive teacher characteristics and student outcomes in any particular country. We have already made the point that the bulk of education expenditure goes specifically towards financing teachers. Here's what we know about the Supreme Court's deliberation over the plan, as of now. The largest part of funding devoted to education in OECD countries goes to finance current expenditures, mainly compensation of staff specifically, teachers. During this period, current expenditures per pupil were lowest in 2012-13 ($13,130) and then increased each year from 2012-13 to 2019-20. The following visualization shows this through a series of graphs plotting changes in the Gini coefficient of the distribution of years of schooling across different world regions. 201243). You can read more about development assistance for healthcare in our entry on Financing Healthcare. You have the permission to use, distribute, and reproduce these in any medium, provided the source and authors are credited. Countries Compared by Education > Spending per student - NationMaster Meta-analysis, Cost-effectiveness, and Statistical Power, Interpreting the evidence on life cycle skill formation, Public Health Expenditure as percent of GDP, Health Insurance Coverage as percent of labour force, Gross enrolment ratios by educational level, country and region, Highest diploma obtained (as percentage of 25+ age bracket), Average years of education of the population of 25 years and over, Government expenditure per pupil in selected countries, 1965-2010, Government expenditure on education as a percentage of gross national product, Cognitive performance of developing countries, Illiterates as a Percentage of the Population of 15 years and over, International student mobility in tertiary education, School resources and teaching conditions (Africa only), Adult education (Latin America and the Caribbean only), Disparities in teachers training, deployment, characteristics and working conditions at sub-national level (East and South West Asia only), Student-teacher ratio and average class size, Distribution of teachers by age and gender, Share of enrolment by type of institution, Share of enrolment by gender, programme orientation and mode of study, Share of international students enrolled by field of education, Share of international students enrolled by country of origin, Educational attainment and labour-force status, percentage of education expenditure in total gdp, per capita education expenditure in 2005 $ppp, percentage of education expendtiure in total expenditure. In the chart we see the impacts from the Perry Preschool Program a flagship experimental intervention study, designed to test the impact of pre-school education on subsequent education outcomes.46 The chart shows disadvantaged children participating in the pre-school program (the treatment group) had higher grades and were more likely to graduate from high school than the reference control group. Chart: How Much Do Countries Spend on Education? | Statista primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary) the share of current expenditure is very large and exhibits little cross-country variation between 90 and 97 percent of total expenditure corresponds to current expenditure across all of the OECD countries. Education at a glance: Educational finance indicators, Snapshot of data for a fixed period (data will not change even if updated on the site). In the figures above we noted the importance of current expenditure in the production of education. the share of education within the entire government budget). Student Budgets Around the World | Spend Per Student | TAD Educational expenditure statistics - Statistics Explained Korea stifled by private education burden - Korea JoongAng Daily Hanushek, E. A., (2006). please include a backlink to the respective infographic URL. Our articles and data visualizations rely on work from many different people and organizations. years of schooling) and quality output (e.g. Education resources - Education spending - OECD Data ^ "Government expenditure on education, total (% of GDP) - Russian Federation". The OECDs report Education at a Glance (2015) provides similar descriptive evidence for other social outcomes. on two sectors: "Media and Technology", updated What Country Spends the Most on Education? - Investopedia The following visualization from Lindert (2004)8 provides evidence of the French experience. Glewwe and Muralidharan (2016) also provide a review of the somewhat limited available evidence on such alternative incentive mechanisms.40. Across the OECD, annual spending per student from primary to tertiary education averaged around $10,500, with the smallest expenditure at roughly $3,600 a student in Colombia and Mexico. Education in low-income countries is particularly difficult because there is substantial heterogeneity in the degree of preparation that children have when they enter school much more so than in high-income countries. For instance, the OECD Education at a Glance report (1998), which presents estimates for the years 1990 and 1995, suggests discrepancies with the values reported by Tanzi & Schuktnecht (2000) for 1993. See the Wikipedia entry on compulsory education for a table of the ages of compulsory schooling around the world. Cambridge University Press. The highest average was observed in Denmark (7 663 per student), while averages above 4 000 per student were also observed in Sweden, Ireland and the Netherlands. As noted in the OECD's report: "The willingness of policy makers to expand access to educational opportunities and to provide high-quality education can translate into higher costs per student and must be balanced against other demands on public expenditure and the overall tax burden. Handbook of the Economics of Education, Volume 5. Low income countries, in contrast, spent 115 US PPP dollars per pupil (UNESCO EFA Global Monitoring Report 2014). (Link to working paper), Innovations for Poverty Action (2014). United States ranked first for spending per secondary school student amongst Group of 7 countries (G7) in 1998. Spending per student in K-12 public schools. ^ "Social Infrastructure, Employment and Human Development" (PDF). A vast number of studies have tried to estimate the impact of classroom resources on learning outcomes. Glewwe and Muralidharan (2016)38 provide the following account of the available evidence: Results suggest that even modest changes to compensation structures to reward teachers on the basis of objective measures of performance (such as attendance or increases in student test scores) can generate substantial improvements in learning outcomes at a fraction of the cost of a business as usual expansion in education spending. Jesus Crespo Cuaresma, Samir K.C., and Petra Sauer (2013) Age-Specific Education Inequality, Education Mobility and Income Growth The United States spent $14,400 per FTE student at the elementary/secondary level, 3 which was 34 percent higher than the average of OECD countries 4 reporting data ($10,800). Savers who have Premium Bond accounts with NS&I will have their best chance of winning a prize in 15 years. K-12 Spending Per Student in the OECD | Mercatus Center
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