how do street vendors contribute to the economy

Resistance mediates the effect of a lack of microfinance on street vending. Street vendors and wholesale markets along South Los Angeles street in Los Angeles on August 7, 2019. Microfinance approach to risk assessment of market and street vendors in Mozambique. "That's less likely to be the case if vendors are brought into the fold and allowed to be out there.". After Alicia Villanueva emigrated from Mexico to California, she made tamales in her home at night after working multiple jobs during the day. PDF Assessment of the Contribution of Street Vending to the Zimbabwe Therefore, we hypothesize: H5. Moreover, the indirect effect of urban culture on street vending via low-income consumption (H2) is not significant. A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) (2nd ed.). The increased use of street vendors is contributing to the stimulation of China's economy and encouraging cash fl0w. street vendors are classified into eight tax code categories. Negotiation and management strategies of street vendors in developing countries: a narrative review. Soc. (2017). Navigating emotional landscapes: Roma street vendors in Scotland: Every story is a travel storyA spatial practice (De Certeau). Of the 50,000 street vendors throughout LA County, roughly 80% are women, and the majority are people of color, immigrants, seniors or come from a low-income household. The current study instead adopts the approach recommended by Chai et al. The dilemma of managing the challenges of street vending in public spaces: the case of Enugu City, Nigeria. The Street Vendor Economy: India's Hidden Entrepreneurs - Freelance2Freedom The study makes significant contributions to the literature on street vending. This is a case of complementary partial mediation, since the direct and indirect effects are both positive and significant. A partial least squaresbased structural equation modeling is employed to test the validity of measurement models and the significance of the entire structural model, predictive power, and mediation analysis. Second, SEM is more powerful than factor analysis, path analysis, or multiple linear regression and has already been used in similar studies (Al-Jundi et al., 2019, 2020; Shujahat et al., 2020; Ali, 2021; Ali et al., 2021a,b; Wang et al., 2021a). doi: 10.1080/01419870.2016.1159709, Estrada, E., and Hondagneu-Sotelo, P. (2011). Agadjanian, V. (2002). To validate our proposed model, we adopted a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach for a number of reasons. 41, 120125. In contrast to the blue-ocean strategy, which creates significant economic value with innovative or disruptive solutions, street vendors use existing business models while cutting operation costs. 36, 10071021. This is a case of full mediation, since there is an indirect effect only. Tamilarai, S., and Angayarkanni, R. (2016). Debt portfolios of the poor: the case of street vendors in Cali, Colombia. The city of Manila also targeted structures. All the endogenous variables have Q2 values greater than 0, which provides evidence of the model's predictive relevance (Geisser, 1974; Stone, 1974; Hair et al., 2019). Just how much? We managed to collect 425 reliable responses that are acceptable, taking into consideration the limitations of this paper (see section Limitations and Recommendations for Further Research). Get his columns weekly. The results also indicated that most of the street vendors are uneducated, but that some have secondary school certificates, a diploma, or even a bachelor's degree, because unemployment has spread among young people and graduates. Sci. Applying the same rule of thumb used for effect size, we find that street vending has weak predictive power and that the power of low-income consumption and resistance is moderate. Perspect. In May 2023, Frontiers adopted a new reporting platform to be Counter 5 compliant, in line with industry standards. H6. Assessment of discriminant validity using HTMT. Participants under the age of 25 accounted for 35% of the sample, while 44% were aged 2540, and 21% were 41 or older. Table 6(C) shows that the indirect effect of lack of microfinance on street vending via resistance is significant ( = 0.148, t = 4.816). The indirect effect of urban culture on street vending via low-income consumption is also not significant ( = 0.036, t = 1.183) as shown in Table 6(C), and this indicates that H2 is not supported. Second, Iraqis often buy from and trust peddlers; most of the time, the public authorities ignore them. How Street Vendors Can Build a Just Economy: Lessons from Los Angeles Received: 07 December 2021; Accepted: 29 December 2021; Published: 14 February 2022. A long. For the past 10 years, as a community and regional development professor, I have studied how street vending provides an economic lifeline for many people, particularly in low-income communities. Negotiation and Management Strategies of Street Vendors in Developing (DF-689-120-1441). Polit. Res. An investigation of marketing capabilities of informal microenterprises: A study of street food vending in Thailand. Hence, street vendors have strived and are striving to prepare quality food which will entice demanding taste buds at a lower cost. Finally, the results can be used to rank the factors that drive the pervasiveness of street vending in order of importance, with managerial implications for dealing fairly with this problematic issue in the cities of developing countries. The inclusion of the moderating effects of gender, income, and educational background would improve the model conceptually and statistically. In Los Angeles alone, about 12,500 street food vendors generate millions of dollars in revenue each year. 30, 22932312. Immigration status, English-only instructions and the need for formal business documentation can discourage vendors from applying. Res. China Q. As a rule of thumb, R2 values below 0.25 are considered weak. Cham: Springer. Perspect. A. According to Njaya (2014) Zimbabwe has no policy framework that In San Francisco, popular Mission District restaurants Reems and El Buen Comer both came from women who grew their businesses and followings at local farmers markets. In terms of lack of microfinance, the most significant factor is that vendors have no access to formal credit facilities. (2017). doi: 10.5430/bmr.v3n1p41, Yatmo, Y. Soc. In this connection, we should differentiate between licensed and unlicensed street vendors. Section Conceptual Framework and Hypothesis Development introduces the conceptual framework and develops the hypotheses on the basis of a thorough review of the literature. We began by inviting students, administrative staff, and faculty members at Middle Technical University, Baghdad to take part. But after three years of China's unyielding "zero-COVID" pandemic policy, which . These are the smallest of small businesses, and worthy of attention from lawmakers because of their potential to put motivated, hardworking and talented people on a path to business ownership and economic stability. Lastly, the current study is limited to one period. 12 "Informal employment is the norm in the global South" (Chen . J. doi: 10.2307/2334733. doi: 10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n4p181. doi: 10.1108/IMDS-07-2015-0302. Do street vendors make good money? - Sage-Tips J. (2010), Steel (2012a), Trupp (2015), and Tamilarai and Angayarkanni (2016), and resistance was tracked using indicators proposed by Musoni (2010), Steel (2012b), Tengeh and Lapah (2013), Hanser (2016), and Boonjubun (2017). Sci. doi: 10.1108/JKM-03-2020-0232, Steel, G. (2012a). (B) Model with double mediations. Few studies have taken account of the fact that low-income customers prefer to shop in neighboring streets at low prices and to spend only a short time doing so (Yatmo, 2009; Tamilarai and Angayarkanni, 2016). Google Forms were used to administer the electronic survey, which was distributed via a hyperlink sent to participants by e-mail, WhatsApp, or Facebook. At that time, the idea of turning to food stalls to jump-start growth was widely panned and soon abandoned. You can find our submission guidelines here. (1998). First, the study uses non-probabilistic sampling with an unlimited population, and the sample of 425 responses can be considered small in the context of the total population of Baghdad. However, some people in India also avoid street food stalls in . Meat Sci. Hence, we propose the following hypothesis: H4. Recreat. For example, souvenir vendors have become a core part of the tourism economy in countries such as Thailand (Trupp, 2015). Int. The second is a credit. Swept Aside, Where Are the Philippines' Street Vendors to Go? Husain et al. This mindset informs the two recommendations found at the end of the Economic Roundtable report that suggests ending all punitive policies towards street vendors and creating a permit system to legitimize vending businesses. Each week, Dan Walters brings his decades of coverage to hold Californias elected leaders accountable. We cover the biggest stories in California to help you stay informed. Agency, social capital, and mixed embeddedness among Akha ethnic minority street vendors in Thailand's tourist areas. If we add the small family farms, the informal sector represents a huge part of the entire economy in most developing countries. Thus, we hypothesize: H2. some lessons from urban Brazil. doi: 10.1177/001316447003000308, Ladan, U., and Williams, C. C. (2019). Research on the management of urban unlicensed mobile street vendorstaking public satisfied degree as value orientation. 36, 301317. Forecast. Bus. Researchers have reviewed public policies on street vending on the basis of national data (Ilahiane and Sherry, 2008; Lyons, 2013) and have interviewed street vendors to identify their characteristics (Reid et al., 2010; Tengeh and Lapah, 2013; Wibisono and Catrayasa, 2018). Saha, D. (2011). Dan Walters brings his passion for government transparency to issues affecting Californians. They contribute a lot more than is acknowledged through linkages with the formal sector, generate demand for a lot of other services and contribute significantly to urban food systems. Street vendors (hawkers or peddlers), as a main element in the informal economy, have existed for decades (Nani, 2016). 54, 301326. Some vendors love the flexible spaces and movement; they are voyagers who carry their emotions and dreams with them as they explore new landscapes (Voiculescu, 2014). The study chose Baghdad, Iraq as a sample to analyze the relationship between culture and street vending for multiple reasons. Khan, E. A. With some initiatives from the government, it can be a win-win situation. The measurement items for the pervasiveness of street vending were drawn from work by Agadjanian (2002), Ilahiane and Sherry (2008), Recio and Gomez (2013), and Palacios (2016), while the observed variables for urban culture were derived from the work of Reuveni (2002), Wardrop (2006), Tamilarai and Angayarkanni (2016), Alvi and Mendoza (2017), and Wibisono and Catrayasa (2018). To harness that promise, the barriers to this kind of entrepreneurship needed to be lowered. Beyond a tandem analysis of SEM and PROCESS: use of PLS-SEM for mediation analyses! Res. They also contribute a whole amount of money into the Los Angeles economy. doi: 10.1080/03057070.2010.485786, Nam, K.-C., Jo, C., and Lee, M. (2010). Mediterr. Table 3 gives the Q2 values for our endogenous latent constructs. Enterprise Dev. All standardized factor loadings were higher than the cut-off value of 0.707. Street vending also provides a livelihood for those who have few employment options, including migrants and internally displaced people. Governmental organizations can reduce the level of resistance by introducing justice practices among peddlers by offering sort of support to them such as building infrastructure in order to formalize their business (Rehman et al., 2021). According to SEDA (2008) Durban, South Africa is credited for being one of the first to cities to adopt street vendors policy. A new law could increase economic opportunity in this long overlooked sector. Geoforum 84, 7787. To examine internal consistency reliability, we used Cronbach's alpha () and composite reliability (C) for all the constructs. Therefore, H4 is supported. Generally, the vendors themselves try to understand changes in customers' needs and to select appropriate public places to reach certain groups of customers, such as tourists (Steel, 2012a). First, SEM is well recognized among researchers, as many of the concepts of social science are latent variables that can only be measured via observed indicators (Hair et al., 2017, 2019; Latan and Noonan, 2017). The effect of culture and organisational culture on administrative corruption. Mark. Regulation and Evasion: Street-Vendors in Manila - JSTOR Ann. doi: 10.1177/0975425313477760, Rehman, N., Mahmood, A., Ibtasam, M., Murtaza, S. A., Iqbal, N., and Molnr, E. (2021). Because the predictive relevance of the model has been established, we can safely derive the following managerial implications. Street vendors, their contested spaces, and the policy environment: a view from calocan, Metro Manila. In short, urban culture (in the form of consumption patterns) impacts the pervasiveness of street vending if we take into consideration the mediator of resistance. PLS-SEM attempts to maximize the explained variance of the endogenous constructs (Hair et al., 2017). Customers enjoy purchasing the products offered in the public streets and traditional markets, since this consumption pattern reflects their values and beliefs. 13, 119135. 18, 436451. Hague J. The results described in the previous section are of direct relevance to both public entities and scholarly researchers, as they allow the driving factors of the pervasiveness of street vending to be ranked in order of importance: first, resistance; second, urban culture; and third, lack of microfinance (see Tables 5, 6). All of which is to say, the system as it currently stands is broken. 14, 549555. Enforce the law more consistently and end street vending. Future research should examine the multivariate impact of other important antecedents of street vending, such as poverty (Estrada and Hondagneu-Sotelo, 2011; Saha, 2011), unemployment (Truong, 2018), education (Williams and Gurtoo, 2012; Husain et al., 2015), and immigration (Lapah and Tengeh, 2013). "It's part of the continuum that makes L.A. an interesting place to live. Lastly, the results shown in Tables 5, 6 help to rank the paths in order of importance. Ethnogr. Sustain. doi: 10.3362/1755-1986.2013.005, Martinez, L., and Rivera-Acevedo, J. D. (2018). (2017). doi: 10.21511/ppm.14(3-2).2016.11, Nitzl, C., Roldan, J. L., and Cepeda, G. (2016). doi: 10.5267/j.msl.2018.4.010, Williams, C. C., and Gurtoo, A. Nowadays, vendors increasingly use social media platforms to disseminate information about their business, communicate with nearby customers, and persuade them. Want to submit a guest commentary or reaction to an article we wrote? J. Dev. Second, with the rise of internet shopping and online food delivery services, demand for street snacks has declined. Each week, Dan Walters holds Californias elected leaders accountable. How Do Street Vendors Contribute To The Economy - Montjoy's Table 2. Bus. 12:747255. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.747255, Al-Jundi, S. A., Ali, M., Latan, H., and Al-Janabi, H. A. (2011). Low-income consumption mediates the effect of urban culture on street vending. 3, 4153. Street vendors are an integral part of the world's urban economies, contributing to vibrant retail markets and providing an array of affordable, accessible goods and services to urban consumers. Manag. "Street vendors" contributions to urban life go beyond their own self-employment'. The model is tested empirically, using a survey of the general public's attitudes toward street vending and corresponding factors in the context of Baghdad. Thus, they do not have the collective power to negotiate with governmental organizations, such as the police and municipal authorities, or to collaborate to improve their working conditions (Hummel, 2017). "Bud" Kieser, Behold the Bunnies and Bonnets of L.A.'s Past Easter Celebrations, Lions and Tigers and Cameras! Informal sellers are among the poorest people in society. The final sample, therefore, consisted of 425 complete and usable responses collected between September and November 2018. How do street vendors contribute to the economy? A practical guide to factorial validity using PLS-Graph: tutorial and annotated example. Psychol. The street as workspace: Assessing street vendors' rights to trees in
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