B) Asian countries generally have higher percentages of mood disorders. Click the card to flip Definition 1 / 59 Psychogenic Click the card to flip Flashcards Learn Test Match Created by Why has this been an ongoing controversy? According to this model, people with depression tend to focus their attention on negative aspects of their experiences, leading to a lack of positive reinforcement and an increased risk of developing negative schemas. A) learned helplessness. A) symbolic (imagined) loss. Teen Counseling Online Therapy - Teen Counseling is a leading provider of online therapy for teens. C) a troubled marriage led to the depression. C) Try, at least occasionally, to feel mildly depressed; cyclothymic disorder is characteristic of most great artists. B) It does not occur often enough to qualify for a diagnosis. She is: B) symbolic losses. C) dont include a sense of the impact of ones actions on others. Regardless of the specific theory, the treatment of depression is important to address the underlying causes and help individuals find relief from their symptoms. D) ethnic background. B) one-of-a-kind; previous studies do not connect specific brain areas to depression. To get matched with a virtual therapist, complete a brief questionnaire online or start get started with a 20% off your first month today. C) behavioral and sociocultural This has been going on for several weeks. If a biochemical imbalance were the cause of a persons depression, the latest research would lead us to expect to find that person to have: D) an absence of the neurotransmitters cortisol and serotonin. C) behavioral and sociocultural B. someone who had experienced uncontrollable negative events & then a controllable negative event, A woman who was frequently but unpredictably beaten by her husband was finally taken to a shelter by the police. The rate of concordance for major depressive . As a result, depressed people tend to misinterpret facts in negative ways and blame themselves for any misfortune that occurs. People who talk rapidly, dress flamboyantly, and get involved in dangerous activities are showing ____ symptoms of mania. D) regressing toward the oral stage of development. B) biochemical A _____ test is one that has been set up with common steps to be followed whenever it is administered. B) Life is just too overwhelming. An older person retires and begins experiencing health problems. A) inappropriate neurotransmitter levels B) cognitive This is a _____ symptom. A) cognitive C) exogenous depression. If she develops depression as a result of her work experiences, the theory that BEST easily explains the onset of her depression is: A) negative interpretation of events. C) recurrent C. an interaction between factors causes depression. Compared to African Americans, white Americans are: B) behavioral. A) "Avoid mood disorders; highly creative people have a lower than average incidence of them." C) Seligman. Assume that a new study suggests the corpus callosum may cause unipolar depression by moving messages too slowly from one cerebral hemisphere to the other. Psychological Perspectives on Mood Disorders | Abnormal Psychology This is an example of a(n): Which theoretical framework encompasses these studies? Copyright 2023 MentalHelp.net, All rights reserved. Therapists who use the technique of _____ believe that people with phobic disorders must be forced to confront what they fear in its full intensity so they will see that no real danger exists. According to a cognitive explanation for panic attack, she probably has a low degree of ______. B) emotional D) play with their child.". They may focus on failures and evidence that supports their negative beliefs, leading to a cycle of negative thinking. C) I dont even want to wake up tomorrow. A) cognitive Peer Commentary. B) unusual; those with unipolar depression usually have a smaller-than-normal hippocampus, causing it to produce a low number of new neurons. D) The percentages are over twice as high in some countries as they are in others. D) Men respond less successfully to therapy for depression. D) about as likely to be diagnosed with depression, but less likely to have recurrent episodes. EXAM 2 Flashcards | Chegg.com Depressed people are usually less active and less productive. This negative thinking can lead to feelings of hopelessness, helplessness, and a sense of being trapped. D) genetic factors. B) lack of desire to go to work A) psychodynamic and cognitive A) are acutely aware of their domineering, excessive behaviors. A) postpartum depression. The therapist works with the individual to challenge and change these negative patterns and develop more positive ways of thinking and behaving. According to Martin Seligmans theory, who of the following would be most likely to develop learned helplessness? They are called "cognitive behavioral" because they address those mental events in the context of the learning theory that was the basis for the pure behavioral theory described above. It takes four days of round-the-clock work to get everything ready, then David welcomes over 200 guests. Aaron Beck's work led him to believe that ____ lies at the heart of unipolar depression. A) women and men are equally likely to develop depression. C. some factors may cause depression, while other factors may maintain depression. When these beliefs are present in someone's cognition, depression is very likely to occur (if it has not already occurred). To receive a diagnosis of major depressive episode, melancholic, the individual must display: A) man from Nigeria who is a new immigrant to the United States. B) faulty cognitive triad Which theoretical orientation would support the finding that there is a significant relationship between positive life events and feelings of life satisfaction and happiness? B) biological D. external, specific, & unstable attribution, Which theoretical orientation would the following research finding support? A. the "baby blues," something experienced by under half of new mothers. She never hits the middle. B. one cannot be sure depression-like symptoms in lab animals reflect human depression. B) two months. If we ultimately find that people with unipolar depression have certain biochemical characteristics, certain cognitive characteristics, and certain life stressors, then we will have evidence that: The psychoanalytic theory emphasizes the importance of early life experiences in the development of depression, while the behavioral theory focuses on the role of reinforcement and punishment in shaping depressed behavior. B) excessively optimistic, with normal self-esteem. B) reactive depression. A sexual dysfunction following this pattern would be called what type?, What is the most common biological cause of erectile failure in men?, A normal healthy man experiences: and more. These automatic thoughts are theorized to differ depending on the specific psychological problems a person is experiencing. A. depressed women make even more errors in logic when interpreting a paragraph than do non-depressed women, Which theoretical orientation would the research finding that depressed people choose more pessimistic and self-deprecating statements in a story-telling test demonstrate? D) ion activity at the cellular level, Which of the following risk percentage patterns would BEST support the influence of genetic factors in explaining bipolar disorder(1) in the general population, (2) among close relatives of people with bipolar disorder, and (3) among identical twins of people with bipolar disorder? He is probably being treated for _____. A) psychodynamic clinician. A) almost noneabout 10 percent of adults in the United States experience some level of clinical depression each year D. almost no emotional response to pleasurable events, All the pleasure has gone out of life for Trevor. C) motor immobility or excessive activity. From the MRC Social Psychiatry Unit Institute of Psychiatry London. A) experience postpartum depression after her first birth, but rarely experience it again. Cognitive Triad - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics Negative Self-Schemas and Cognitive Theory Irina V. Sokolova Rochester Institute of Technology This is a commentary on the paper titled "An Overview of Beck's Cognitive Theory of Depression in Contemporary Literature," by Josiah P. Allen. C. many women with postpartum depression find self-help support groups particularly helpful. C) the severity and duration of the problem. An important difference between mood disorders and normal mood fluctuation is: the severity and duration of the problem. A clinician has developed a new assessment tool. 4305 Orders Completed. Imagine that you have just been laid off from your work. C) cognitive B) depressed people arent responsive to normal social rewards. B) only experience postpartum depression after the birth of a first child. A) behavioral A) dysthymic C) unusual; those with unipolar depression usually have a normal-sized hippocampus, causing it to produce a low number of new neurons. Cognitive theorists explain depression in terms of a person's: A) negative interpretation of events. B) lower than it is for girls, but the prevalence for men is the same as it is for women. People with one anxiety disorder are MOST likely to: experience another anxiety disorder, too. The type of antidepressant drug that works by interfering with the enzyme that normally destroys norepinephrine is an _____. Many victims of spousal abuse stay with their abusers, even though it is obvious to others that they should, and actually could, leave. How do these factors relate to depression? The belief that the prefrontal cortex has a very important part to play in the development of depression: D) sociocultural clinician. A) BDNF. His wife has to assist him in getting into bed at night. A) lack of desire to eat Clinical observation of that student in class would lack: Clients check off either Applies or Does Not Apply to a series of 200 items dealing with what they do and what they think in a variety of situations. C) European countries generally have higher percentages of mood disorders. C) behavioral Feel free to get in touch with us via email. C) a finding that biochemical imbalances lead to both depression and negative thoughts D) Stress produces dysregulated immune systems, which may then produce unipolar depression. C) sociocultural. C) life-stress theory. Mental Health, Dual-Diagnosis, & Behavioral Addictions, ADHD: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Alzheimers Disease And Other Cognitive Disorders, Virtual Outpatient Eating Disorder Treatment, Child Development And Parenting: Early Childhood. Although initially thought to be due to an excessive amount of a particular neurotransmitter, mania has been found to be due to low levels of which neurotransmitter? He is sad, tired, and depressed, but he refuses to show it. B) negative thinking and maladaptive thoughts. MentalHelp may receive marketing compensation from the above-listed companies should you choose to use their services. D) sociocultural. Cognitive theorists explain depression in terms of a persons: B) two months. Diffusion Let us complete them for you. She probably had a _____. B) catatonic Abnormal Psych - Chapter 8 - Subjecto.com A) They all have some supporting evidence, but they all also have some research findings they cant explain. D) melancholic depression. B) Do nothing; sometimes, hypomania increases artistic creativity and productivity. D) very strongonly about 1 percent of adults in the United States experience some level of clinical depression each year, A. almost none about 10 percent of adults in the United States experience some level of clinical depression each year. D) sociocultural and biological. B) learned helplessness. is a: D) cognitive symptoms. D) abnormal, and is an indication that the depression is worsening. Which would be an emotional symptom of depression? D) magnification and minimization. A) hormone theory. The MOST recent research shows that: Which type of therapy is this therapist using? A direct relationship occurs between the amount and severity of someone's negative thoughts and the severity of their depressive symptoms. Less daylight, or, more accurately, more darkness, may cause the release of: A) very little support for the existence of a genetic factor in unipolar depression. a) A client with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) tells the nurse, "Sometimes I feel so frustrated. C) decrease in positive activities. C) internal, specific, and stable attribution. A) overgeneralization. B) a negative view of oneself C. have up to a 50% chance of experiencing postpartum depression with her next child. C) brain structure D) cognitive triad theory. B) is probably correct; higher activity in the prefrontal cortex is associated with depression. It has lasted now for three weeks, and she has experienced similar episodes in the past. D) very uncommon: most people with this diagnosis are women in their mid to late 20s, D. very uncommon: most people with this diagnosis are women in their mid to late 20s, What are the chances that researchers will develop a specific, gene-based explanation for unipolar depression in the near future? A) two weeks. An abnormal-psychology instructor asks in class, What kinds of treatments are commonly used to treat obsessive-compulsive-related disorders? Confidently (and accurately), a student replies: Exposure therapies and antidepressant drugs.. A person experiencing mania goes out with friends, looking for adventure. This study would be: D) "Dont worry; almost all people with depression recover and retain the creativity gains. B) reactive depression. Of the following statements, which is accurate, based on current research? C) from a neuron to a muscle or gland. Her therapist MOST likely has a: C) behavioral C) strong support for the existence of a genetic factor in unipolar depression. Which theoretical position explains the origin of anxiety disorders as the overrun of defense mechanisms by neurotic or moral anxiety? According to DSM-5, one must demonstrate which set of symptoms to be diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder? D) Unipolar depression and bipolar disorder have one major factor. Cognitive theorists explain depression in terms of a person's: negative interpretation of events. A) seasonal C. dont include a sense of the impact of ones actions on others. What is the current incidence of severe unipolar depression in the United States? The cognitive movement did not reject behavioral principles, however. B) biological orientation. D) They should avoid antidepressant medications. Cognitive theorists explain depression in terms of a person's: learned helplessness Many victims of spousal abuse stay with their abusers, even though it is obvious to others that they should, and actually could, leave. It targets specific cognitive processes and aims to replace negative thinking patterns with more balanced and realistic thoughts. B) making ruminative responses. Theories of Depression: Psychological & Becks | StudySmarter A) Unipolar depression and bipolar disorder both have several important factors. D) psychoanalytic. B) genetic linkage patterns C) against the body dissatisfaction explanation. A) internal, global, and stable attribution. D) sociocultural clinician. The clinician who would be MOST likely to say, "Tell me about any early losses you experienced" is a: A) the loss of a loved one, real or symbolic. These negative schemas then become activated in situations related to the original experience, leading to symptoms of depression. C) widowed people. D) Lewinsohn. A) a lower rate of unipolar depression among children of parents with this disorder. B) her ethnicity Studies reporting abnormalities in the basal ganglia of individuals with bipolar disorder provide the strongest support for which of the following causes of biopolar disorder? The next step in therapy is pairing of imagined situations with relaxation. D) dysthymic depression. The cognitive model of depression is supported by a number of studies and is an important aspect of cognitive-behavioral therapy, which aims to help individuals gain control over their negative thinking patterns and change their beliefs about themselves and the world around them. D) the demographic characteristics of the person. A) psychodynamic clinician. What type of major depression would he MOST likely be diagnosed with? Compulsions help people control their obsessions. B) posttraumatic depression syndrome. A) learned helplessness C) postpartum D) highresearchers have narrowed their study down to at most three genes linked to unipolar depression, B. low so far, specific genes on half or more chromosomes have been linked to unipolar depression. To be classified as a major depressive episode, depression must last for a period of at least: Family pedigree and twin studies have been used to look for a predisposition for unipolar depression within families. A) cognitive fear is to a specific threat and anxiety is more general. D) melancholic, Since immediately after the birth of her son, Maria has experienced a period of sadness that interferes with her ability to take care of him. D) Depression is related to an imbalance of neurotransmitters in the brain. To be classified as having a major depressive episode, depression must last for a period of at least: B) hug or cuddle their child." D) different factors are related to the cause, course, and treatment of depression. A) two weeks. D) psychodynamic, A decrease in social rewards, especially a decrease in social support, such as the support found in a happy marriage may precede the onset of depression, providing evidence for which theoretical perspectives? He finds he wakes up early in the morning and has no appetite. A) automatic negative thoughts The professor, who is prone to depression, concludes, "The dean hated my class so much he was too embarrassed to speak to me." Which is NOT a goal of the cultural-sensitive therapy movement? Depression was understood in terms of the following: excessive narcissistic, oral, and/or anal personality needs (Chodoff, 1972), deprivation in the mother-child relationship during the first year (Kleine, 1934). C) the number of depressive episodes. According to Freud, actual physical danger leads children to feel _____ anxiety. To receive a diagnosis of major depressive episode, catatonic, the individual must display: Theories of Depression Theories of Depression Addiction Addiction Treatment Theories Aversion Therapy Behavioural Interventions Drug Therapy Gambling Addiction Nicotine Addiction Physical and Psychological Dependence Reducing Addiction Risk Factors for Addiction Six Stage Model of Behaviour Change Theory of Planned Behaviour It focuses on identifying and modifying maladaptive patterns of thinking and behavior to improve overall well-being. The DSM-5 has added premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) as a diagnosis given to certain women who repeatedly experience clinically significant depressive and related symptoms during the week before menstruation. This technique is best described as ____. D) endogenous depression. Family pedigree and twin studies have been used to look for a genetic predisposition for unipolar depression. D) neurotransmitters in the brain, The strongest evidence for the cause of bipolar disorders BEST supports which theoretical perspective? D) depression should in fact usually be considered a disease, rather than a psychological disorder. D) near-certain support for the existence of a genetic factor in unipolar depression. Interestingly, _____ help many people with anxiety disorders. D) sociocultural orientation. While there she did not take advantage of educational and job training opportunities. D. stress produces dysregulated immune systems, which may then produce unipolar depression. C) behavioral A) psychodynamic and cognitive A therapist describes a patient who believes her personal worth is tied to each task she performs. With what type of major depression would she MOST likely be diagnosed? A) lack of desire to eat The three important criteria for assessments are: standardization, reliability, and validity. If your therapist concentrated on helping you recognize and change negative thoughts and thus improve your mood, your therapist would be using: "I do not know why you think you are a terrible surgeon. C) anaclitic depression. C) cognitive clinician. B) dysthymia. A) the same as it is for girls, and the prevalence for men is the same as it is for women. D) enthusiastically look for old friends, but ignore new friends. D) internal, specific, unstable factors. These symptoms diminish in the next couple of weeks. C) cognitive clinician. There are several theories of depression that have been proposed over time, each with its own set of underlying causes and influences on mental health. D) psychoanalytic. If your thinking process was dominated by the negative cognitive triad, however, you would very likely conclude that your layoff was due to a personal failure; that you will always lose any job you might manage to get; and that your situation is hopeless. A) her age This is consistent with the: excessive worry for six months, edginess, sleep changes, distress. C) maladaptive attitudes. C) motivational and behavioral. If a study showed that both monozygotic twins had about a 45 percent chance of having unipolar depression when their twin had unipolar depression, this would provide: C) uncommon: most people with this diagnosis are men in their mid to late 20s The contingency management approach is an example of the application of ____ to the treatment of depression. A) postpartum depression. A) cognitive orientation. Considering data from several countries around the world, which of the following is the MOST accurate statement about the percentages of adults in each country who suffer from mood disorders each year? Clients write stories about their problems, and then two different judges independently evaluate the stories in terms of how logically they are written. D) Rumination theory has almost no support and is on the way out. A) The percentages are virtually identical across countries. CBT is a broader term that encompasses a range of techniques and strategies to address the connection between thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. What she has experienced is most likely: A) Seek immediate, in-depth treatment; hypomania severely limits artists. D) external, specific, and unstable attribution. In the United States, the prevalence of unipolar depression in boys is: A) The same as it is for girls, and the prevalence for men is the same as it is for women. A) all of these factors working together appear to be responsible for causing and maintaining depression. MentalHelp may receive marketing compensation from these companies should you choose to use their services. Clients who tend to see everything that occurs as either all right or all wrong, with nothing in between, need to focus on which phase of Beck's treatment for depression? D) U.S. woman of Hispanic American heritage. Which is not an example of a biological treatment for depression? Which of these research findings provides the most direct support for Becks cognitive theory of depression? D) have a 100% chance of experiencing postpartum depression with her next child. This failure to pay attention properly is known as faulty information processing. B) abnormal, and is one indication that the drug is not working. What is the best advice you could give your friend regarding mood disorders? A) Beck. B) lowso far, specific genes on half or more of chromosomes have been linked to unipolar depression For example, Beck developed the concept of "schemas" which are the core beliefs and views of oneself, the world, and the future. D) manic-depressive, A milder pattern of mood swings that does not reach the severity of bipolar disorder but does include brief depressive and manic episodes is called ______ disorder. C) 40 percent, 40 percent, 40 percent "The reason you are afraid to talk in public is because you believe that everyone must love and approve of you." Of the following alternatives, your MOST accurate reply is: Get matched with a relationship counselor today. MentalHelp has partnered with several thought leaders in the mental health and wellness space, so we can help you make informed decisions on your wellness journey. A) the cognitive triad. Abnormal Psych Flashcards | Quizlet What is the best thing, in terms of being a creative, productive artist, that your friend could do? D) onset within four weeks of giving birth. C) selective abstraction. From virtual counseling to medication management services, Talkspace online therapy may be covered by your insurance provider. The clinician who would be MOST likely to ask, "Do you believe you will always feel like this in all situations?" D. a flash flood spreading out wherever theres room for it to go. Rose swings between periods of bottomless depression and high-flying enthusiasm. C. the same as it is for girls, but the prevalence for men is lower than it is for women, What is the current incidence of severe unipolar depression in the United States? Where There is Life, There is Hope, Depression and Why Suicide is Not an Option. She draws negative conclusions from very little evidence, amplifies minor mistakes into major character flaws, and suffers from repetitive thoughts that remind her of her flaws. A) Brodmann Area 25. A) behavioral Which of the following would provide the BEST evidence for the cognitive explanation for depression?
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