10 types of abuse in nursing homes

Grgen T. A multi-method study on elder abuse and neglect in nursing homes. Studies on staff-to-resident abuse require that participants (residents, staff members or other persons) recognize abuse, recall past events, consider them worth reporting, and avoid socially desirable responses [19, 20]. Health Aff (Millwood). One study (7.1%) used a multi-methods approach combining interviews (not specified) and observations [43]. 2011;26:2133. The intervention study used a before-after design [74]. 2006;7:2037. Article There are many different types of abuse, such as sexual abuse, emotional abuse, physical abuse, neglect, abandonment, and financial abuse. Age Ageing. The findings also indicate the imbalance of power between residents not being able to draw attention on their experience of abuse, and staff members probably not reporting abuse in order to protect themselves or their colleagues. This abuse can result in trauma, medical emergencies, and even death. Int J Older People Nurs. In the future, researchers should develop multidimensional interventions including staff education as well as the development of organisational culture and conditions. What are associated factors of staff-to-resident abuse in nursing homes? Elder abuse in long-term care is an important public health concern with social. Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, OBrien KK, Colquhoun H, Levac D, et al. J Clin Epidemiol. Physical Abuse The last 20min were dedicated to an integrative discussion. Theft in Nursing Homes: An Overlooked Form of Elder Abuse. Each session started with a 30-min lecture on the topic, followed by 40min of informal exchange and mutual support among group members. J FORENSIC LEGAL MED. We searched MEDLINE (via PubMed), CINAHL, PsycINFO via Ovid, and Cochrane Library. It is a matter of concern that physical abuse is the second most common type of abuse in non-community settings. Shinan-Altman S, Cohen M. Nursing aides attitudes to elder abuse in nursing homes: the effect of work stressors and burnout. https://doi.org/10.1108/14668203200600005. Attitudes held by Norwegian nursing home staff on reporting inadequate care carried out by colleagues. Zhang Z, Schiamberg LB, Oehmke J, Barboza GE, Griffore RJ, Post LA, et al. 2005;13:27180. Of these, four made recommendations for intervention development. J CLIN NURS. To address all three review questions, the search strings contained two search components, namely synonyms and descriptions of abuse (such as violence, mistreatment, and aggression), and synonyms and descriptions of nursing home (such as long-term care and care home). Hirt, J., Adlbrecht, L., Heinrich, S. et al. J ELDER ABUSE NEGL. BMJ Open. Another 18 studies (64.3%) investigated physical abuse [9, 13, 34,35,36,37,38, 42,43,44, 48, 49, 52, 58,59,60, 71, 75,76,77]. 2nd ed. In a current meta-analysis, resident-reported prevalence of abuse was highest for psychological abuse (33.4%), and lowest for sexual abuse (1.9%) [3]. https://doi.org/10.1080/08946566.2011.608056. 2014;15:197209. CAS Elder Abuse Wrongful Death Elder Neglect Wrongful Death Your Guide to Understanding 6 Types of Elder Abuse in Nursing Homes Posted on September 25, 2021 by bermanstaff It's estimated that 10% of older adults suffer some type of abuse or neglect at some point. For data analysis, three studies (21.4%) applied descriptive statistics [65, 68, 69]. Possible reasons for these inconsistent findings may be study designs associated with various data collection methods in different settings as well as various study cohorts with different organizational cultures [11, 79, 84]. Hirst SP. NURS RES PRACT. Ann Intern Med. Ho CS, Wong SY, Chiu MM, Ho RC. Elder abuse in long-term care is an important public health concern with social, health-related, and economic implications. To answer our first review question, we additionally extracted reference time (retrospective/prospective), characteristics of residents (e.g., gender, age), characteristics of staff (e.g., gender, age, professional experience), observed prevalence per type of abuse (i.e., staff-to-resident abuse observed or witnessed by staff), committed prevalence per type of abuse (i.e., staff-to-resident abuse committed and self-reported by staff), reported prevalence per type of abuse (i.e., staff-to-resident abuse experienced abuse or observed abuse, reported by residents and/or others), resident-related factors (e.g., gender, disease, age), staff-related factors (e.g., gender, age, education, experience), as well as institution-related factors (e.g., country, region). Nursing staff members, on their part, are dependent on their employers and colleagues. The touch is often offensive. Still others found no significant differences in terms of education level [34, 35, 42]. Ten out of 14 studies (71.4%) had a qualitative design [39,40,41, 43, 45, 53, 55, 56, 67, 70], three (21.4%) a cross-sectional design [65, 68, 69], and one study (7.1%) was a qualitative case study [78]. https://doi.org/10.1080/08946566.2011.534708. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afm194. 2013;25:121728. But issues like overprescription and emotional abuse are harder to identify. Wangmo T, Nordstrm K, Kressig RW. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. One of them used a structured questionnaire and a document analysis [9], the other one unstructured interviews and a document analysis [75]. 2nd ed. In the majority of studies, participants were nurses and nursing aides, followed by relatives or persons responsible for nursing home residents. To answer our third review question on preventive interventions, we identified five studies [36, 39, 45,46,47, 50, 64, 74]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2005.12.006. Elder abuse in long-term care is an important public health concern with social, health-related, and economic implications. Buzgov R, Ivanov K. Elder abuse and mistreatment in residential settings. Yunus RM, Hairi NN, Choo WY. (i) Image of nursing was related to staff recruitment. Four studies (14.3%) were secondary data analyses [9, 44, 58, 59]. However, the results show factors influencing abuse at the staff, resident, and nursing home levels. In another study [86], however, there was no statistically significant association of job autonomy with emotional abuse and neglect [86]. Neglect of older adults in Michigan nursing homes. J ADULT PROTECT. Cite this article. 2015;36:5460. Grgen T, Beaulieu M. Critical concepts in elder abuse research. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnp093. Elder mistreatment in the nursing home: a systematic review. However, our review also yielded factors consistently associated with abuse or its subtypes. One study each (3.6%) used purposive [50] and snowball sampling [75]. 2009;21:31420. Staff-resident relationships in nursing homes are characterized by imbalances of power and residents dependency on staff to satisfy their needs [12, 13]. 2012;54:e26170. Physical, sexual, and financial abuse are considered as most serious types of abuse. Harmful consequences of psychological abuse are not easy to identify. Marshall K, Herbst J, Girod C, Annor F. Do interventions to prevent or stop abuse and neglect among older adults work? J INTERPERS VIOLENCE. However, the results show the significance of the problem and indicate that there are associate factors of abuse that can be influenced by appropriate interventions. Few participants did not feel brave enough to report abuse. However, personal viewpoints of staff indicated that most carers are willing to anonymously report abuse. BMC HEALTH SERV RES. (2) How is staff-to-resident abuse described and experienced in nursing homes? The misuse of physical restraints. Staff-to-resident abuse is of particular interest since institutions should protect residents rights and prevent harm [6]. Google Scholar. Additionally, we did not take into account studies conducted in acute care, home care, day care, specialised psychiatric care, assisted living facilities, and institutions for people with physical and/or intellectual disabilities. Call us now at 800-959-1444 to discuss your case in our free consultation. JH, LA, and AZ were responsible for the study design. Elder abuse prevalence in community settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. [Violent behavior of staff towards nursing home residents: A systematic review of instruments to measure prevalence]. Below are the seven basic types of abuse that may occur in nursing homes. SCAND J PUBLIC HEALTH. Twenty-six studies (92.9%) used statistical methods for data analysis [9, 13, 34,35,36,37,38, 42, 44, 48, 49, 51, 52, 54, 57,58,59,60,61,62,63, 66, 71,72,73, 76, 77]. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043659614526458. The mistreatment of older adults can be by family members, strangers, health care providers, caregivers, or friends. Sandvide , Fahlgren S, Norberg A, Saveman B-I. J ELDER ABUSE NEGL. Myhre J, Saga S, Malmedal W, Ostaszkiewicz J, Nakrem S. Elder abuse and neglect: an overlooked patient safety issue. 2011;18:6478. Staff-related factors of staff-to-resident abuse were mentioned in 16 of the 28 studies (57.1%) (Table 2; details on every study are available in supplementary material S2). About two-thirds of abusers are spouses and children . Our results clearly reveal that system-wide associated factors of staff-to-resident abuse deserve particular attention. We excluded studies with an unclear or smaller amount of nursing home-related populations. Consequences of abuse for residents are reduced quality of live, psychological and physical symptoms, increased morbidity and premature mortality [4]. Furthermore, higher prevalence rates of observed abuse relative to committed abuse may indicate probable difficulties in admitting ones own misconduct [13, 80]. Disagreements were discussed between the two reviewers until consensus was reached. Conduct a thorough investigation. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2011.07.006. Neglect is the most common type of nursing home abuse, which includes self-neglect and abandonment. We identified free text search terms based on preliminary topical searches, brainstorming within our research group, and by using a thesaurus [30]. Cohen M, Shinan-Altman S, Cohen M, Shinan-Altman S. A cross-cultural study of nursing aides attitudes to elder abuse in nursing homes. Two of them additionally used regression analysis [68, 69]. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAP-03-2017-0008. Part of In addition, nursing competence in long-term care is often not adequate and may entail abuse [14]. SCAND J CARING SCI. The large variation in prevalence data raises doubts about the validity of meta-analyses on this topic. Additional information comprised the type of association (i.e., whether an associated factor of staff-to-resident abuse resulted from quantitative studies with statistically significant results [p<0.05 or 0.01]), from quantitative studieswith statistically insignificant results (i.e., statistical significance was not available/applicable), or from qualitative studies. Eggert S, Lux K, Sulmann D, Vthjunker D. [Gewaltprvention in der Pflege. Staff-to-resident abuse is of particular interest since institutions should protect residents' rights and prevent harm. A focus group study of nursing home leaders perceptions of elder abuse and neglect. For our free web search, we used the same search terms iteratively entered in Google Scholar. PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation. Two studies each (14.3%) stated narrative analysis [53, 78], thematic analysis [40, 41], constant comparative analysis [55, 56] or did not specify the type of analysis [67, 70]. 2015;2015: 716407. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/716407. 2021;10:39. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-020-01542-z. Int J Soc. https://doi.org/10.1080/08946560903005174. Perceptions of Abuse in Nursing Home Care Relationships in Uruguay. One that is startling is that about one in 10 elders above the age of 65 suffers from at least one type of nursing home abuse. The prevalence rates reported in the studies varied widely, depending on the type of abuse. After a topic-oriented categorisation, the reviewer tagged extracted data, paraphrased and finally thematically clustered data. Atlanta, Georgia: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2016. Outcomes were caregivers psychological abusive behaviours, perceived level of work stress, and knowledge in geriatric care. 2017;38:38592. Andela M, Truchot D, Huguenotte V. Job demands, emotional dissonance and elderly abuse: The moderating role of organizational resources. Misuse of personal allowance in a care home ; Misuse of benefits or direct payments in a family home; Someone moving into a person's home and living rent free without agreement or under duress; False representation, using another person's bank account, cards or documents; Exploitation of a person's money or assets, e.g. World Health Organization. The Coding Manual for Qualitative Researchers. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.01.005. Interviews (of different types) were the most common data collection method (n=11, 71.4%). The prevalence of staff-to-resident abuse reported by nursing home residents and/or by others was reported in nine out of 28 studies (32.1%) (Table 1; details on every study are available in supplementary material S2). However, we also found many contradictory results in the included studies. We conducted a scoping review following the framework provided by Arksey and OMalley [25]. Classifications of abuse comprise emotional or psychological abuse (verbal or non-verbal behaviour, e.g., humiliation, threats, harrassment, isolation), physical abuse (intentional physical force resulting in physical harm or distress, e.g., hitting, pushing, inappropriate use of medication, force-feeding), sexual abuse (forced or unwanted sexual interaction with touching and non-touching acts), financial abuse (unauthorized use of resources, including fraud and theft), and neglect (caregivers failure to meet the persons essential needs, e.g., nutrition, hygiene, medical care) [2]. Trauma Violence Abuse. They saw no use of reporting since nothing would change. Common types of abuse include: Physical abuse Emotional abuse Neglect Abandonment Sexual abuse Financial abuse Abuse of older people in residential care facilities is a common problem but often goes unreported. Only few studies investigate preventive interventions. We retrieved these reviews while searching for further primary studies on staff-to-resident abuse. The prevalence of staff-to-resident abuse observed by staff was reported in nine out of 28 studies (32.1%) (Table 1; details on every study are available in supplementary material S2). Ensure your loved one's safety. J NURS RES. J ADULT PROTECT. The main types of elder abuse include: Physical abuse Emotional or psychological abuse Sexual abuse Financial abuse Neglect Abandonment Physical Elder Abuse Physical elder abuse is any harm or violence that significantly injures an older person. NURS MANAGE. Residents experience distress, long-term psychological consequences and physical injuries as well as lower quality of life and higher mortality [4]. The changed perception of accountability may also change the reporting behaviour since staff members tend to find it easier to report behaviours that they do not consider to be their personal misconduct [80]. Both intentional and unintentional harm may be considered elder abuse in nursing homes. Nurses Experiences of the Encounter With Elder Neglect. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30006-2. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610208008211. Nursing Homes and Physical Abuse. She has rights that deserve to be protected. Our scoping review provides an overview of staff-to-resident abuse in nursing homes with regard to types of abuse, prevalence, associated factors, lived experience, and preventive interventions. 2008;37:15160. Eur J Public Health. Center for Dementia Care, Institute of Applied Nursing Sciences, Department of Health, Eastern Switzerland University of Applied Sciences, Rosenbergstrasse 59, 9000, St.Gallen, Switzerland, Julian Hirt,Laura Adlbrecht,Steffen Heinrich&Adelheid Zeller, International Graduate Academy, Medical Faculty, Institute for Health and Nursing Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Strasse 8, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland, You can also search for this author in Castle N. Nurse Aides Reports of Resident Abuse in Nursing Homes. Physical abuse in nursing homes happens whenever a resident suffers bodily harm, pain, or impairment because of mistreatment or neglect. Furness S. Recognising and addressing elder abuse in care homes: views from residents and managers. A systematic review of reviews. Two reviewers independently selected studies. Most of the studies used random sampling (n=16, 57.1%) [9, 13, 34,35,36,37,38, 42, 54, 60,61,62, 66, 71,72,73, 76]. Cooper C, Manela M, Katona C, Livingston G. Screening for elder abuse in dementia in the LASER-AD study: Prevalence, correlates and validation of instruments. (iv) Skills and competencies covered the importance of competencies, ongoing training, and education [46, 50, 64]. Two studies (7.1%) were based on multiple data collection methods. J ELDER ABUSE NEGL. Griffore RJ, Barboza GB, Mastin T, Oehmke J, Schiamberg LB, Post LA. The programme addressed aging-associated problems related to managing residents health problems, institutional elder abuse, factors associated with caregivers abusive behaviour, relaxation and stress management, dealing with a stressful caregiving context, and obtaining personal resources.
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