sea ranching advantages

557582, 2018. A review paper, Social learning and life skills training for hatchery reared fish, AsiaPacific tropical sea cucumber aquaculture, Enhancement of Lobster Fisheries to Improve Yield and Value, A Model for the Preliminary Analysis of the Economic Feasibility of Atlantic Cod Enhancement in the Gulf of Maine (USA), Potential of ecological studies to improve survival of cultivated and released European lobsters, Homarus gammarus, Restocking Depleted Wild StocksLong-Term Survival and Impact of Released Blacklip Abalone ( Haliotis rubra ) on Depleted Wild Populations in New South Wales, Australia, Population Genetic Analysis for Stock Enhancement of Silver Sea Bream (Rhabdosargus sarba) in Taiwan, Alaska. Previously, researchers mainly studied the ecological security evaluation of a region [15], city [16], marine body [17], basin [18], or land [19] from the perspective of ecological early warnings [20], ecological risk [21], or landscape pattern [22]. 21722177, 2011. The literature provides the basis for the selection of indicators [36, 4851]. The knowledge backgrounds of experts are different, and their judgments on the same problem may also differ. An increasing seafood demand together with the decline or stabilization of most of the global marine fishery resources and increasing proficiency in aquaculture are essentially responsible for the enhanced interest in sea ranching. 3, pp. Costs were calculated for the maturation, hatchery, and nursery phases of striped mullet production based on spawning protocols that reflected conservation of wild-stock genetic diversity. For this reason, the present study took marine ranching as the research object, adopted three methods (DPSIR, DEMATEL, and FCE) to evaluate its ecological security, and provided an illustrative case to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed methods. The series was stimulated by continuing concern over the decline of fisheries, coupled with emerging technologies in marine aquaculture and new efforts to quantify the effects of stocking aquacultured organisms into the sea. Sea-ranching also provides a more natural environment for the seaweed to grow, which may result in a more diverse and nutritious product. Marine ranching plays an integral role in providing fishery resources. proposed an evaluation model of tourism ecological security based on the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) and data envelopment analysis (DEA) methods in order to evaluate the quality of tourism ecological security from the perspective of efficiency [30]. Marine ranching is an artificial ecosystem, and its MRES is a functional state produced by the interaction of internal factors. Step 2: Conduct self-evaluation. Its business scope is the research, development, and promotion of aquatic products technology and the breeding, processing, refrigeration, sales, and tourism of sea cucumbers and other sea treasures. Because it can reflect the concrete performance of marine ranching in five dimensions (including Driver, Pressure, State, Impact, and Response), it can systematically reflect the MRES level from the perspective of sustainable development. Ecological security is playing an increasingly significant role in national security and social stability. 75, pp. 83, pp. and the benefits from protection . Third, MR-E should enhance their awareness of ecological and environmental protection and create a harmonious and sustainable corporate culture atmosphere through a series of publicity activities and training. These issues have made people realize the value of protection of marine bioresources and fostered the idea of marine ranching, which can enable the artificial production of economic marine life. According to the principle of maximum membership degree, the evaluation result of the MRES is Excellent. 96, pp. However, few scholars have paid attention to the problem of marine ranching ecological security (MRES). Self-evaluation is an objective description of each element of the marine ranching across all indices covered by the MR-E. 642674, 2020. It can be seen that the probability of the MR-E being rated as Excellent, Good, Average, Poor, and Very poor are 66.13%, 31.16%, 2.71%, 0.0%, and 0.0%, respectively. Self-evaluation information of the MR-E that the MR-E manager provides according to the actual development status is as shown in Table 1. The annual evaluation system of the national marine ranching demonstration areas helps in index selection. Taking the membership distribution of the MR-E on factor, Confirm the direct-influence relationship between the five factors. Oysters (as a source of both food and pearls), scallops, and mussels are raised throughout most of the world. Y. M. Elliott, D. Burdon, J. P. Atkins et al., And DPSIR begat DAPSI (W) R (M)!-a unifying framework for marine environmental management, Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol. Several countries, such as China [2], Japan [3], Australia [4], and Norway [5], consider marine ranching as the most promising method to increase fishery resources and stock, and promote sustainable development of fishery resources. 11, no. (September 2022) After trials in 2012, [2] a commercial "sea ranch" was set up in Flinders Bay, Western Australia to raise abalone. Ecological security evaluation, which refers to a description of the quality of an ecological environment system and its security status, is a popular research topic [13, 14]. The environment provides the animals with everything they need, so . The world production from capture fisheries has leveled off or declined, after reaching a peak of 88.67 million tons in 1989. Experts only need to evaluate the overall performance of the MR-E according to the self-evaluation results (see Table 1) without considering the complex mechanism of action in the MRES system. While experts can evaluate relatively simple problems, it is difficult to judge relatively complex problems because there are complicated correlation and influence relations between factors. Unlike other MCDM methods, the DEMATEL method can describe the strength of the relationship between factors. The index system is the basis of MRES evaluation. D. Zhang, Y. Cui, H. Zhou et al., Microplastic pollution in water, sediment, and fish from artificial reefs around the Maan Archipelago, Shengsi, China, Science of The Total Environment, vol. To describe the judgment information of all experts, it is necessary to construct an integrated fuzzy membership matrix. Therefore, we should aim to ensure that the problem of direct evaluation by experts is simple enough in the evaluation process. G. Zheng, K. Li, W. Bu, and Y. Wang, Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of human physiological state in indoor high temperature environments, Building and Environment, vol. An. The CALL FOR ABSTRACTS is now open until July 29, 2019. Only one grade level is true in the assessment and thus and . The mechanism is reflected by combining DPSIR, DEMATEL, and FCE (see Figure 4 and formulas (4)(7)). . 8, no. 84, pp. 126135, 2010. M. Elliott, S. J. Boyes, S. Barnard, and . Borja, Using best expert judgement to harmonise marine environmental status assessment and maritime spatial planning, Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol. Offer your employees a competitive benefits package Business Ownership // Article. A realistic evaluation of marine ranching is generally carried out not only through an MR-E submitting self-evaluation reports on specific issues but also by the government organizing several experts in relevant fields to conduct a group evaluation (MRES should not be an exception). It maintains environmental protection, resource conservation, and sustainable output of fishery. In addition, DEMATEL can get the weights of factors as based on the DPSIR model. The hierarchy of the indicators can be defined as factors on level 1, elements on level 2, and indices on level 3. Although various evaluation approaches have been adopted to address the issue of ecological security in the above fields, the evaluation index systems are constructed by following the framework of the Pressure-State-Response (PSR) model or its extensions [20, 23], and evaluation methods are frequently constructed from multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) [2428]. Taking development pressure (c21) as an example, this element includes four indices (see Figure 1). Fish stock can be increased through restocking activities whose seeds are produced by hatchery activities (Nurhayati, 2013). S. Li, W. Xiao, Y. Zhao, and X. Lv, Incorporating ecological risk index in the multi-process MCRE model to optimize the ecological security pattern in a semi-arid area with intensive coal mining: a case study in northern China, Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. Secondly, this study proposed an evaluation method for MRES. Step 1: Establish an initial direct-relation (IDR) matrix. showed the natural process-dependent effects of shellfish cultures [9]. The fuzzy operator is selected to integrate the weight vector of the five factors with the membership matrix , and finally, the results of FCE are obtained as . 109116, 2016. Taking for example, there is no direct-influence, but there is an indirect relation , which caused the total relation to be 0.064. The third one is how to make evaluations for MRES by combining subjective experience and objective data. The social impact is mainly reflected in the situation of employment in the surrounding areas, namely, the number of absorbed or resettled fishermen (c421). Describe the advantages and disadvantages with land-based cultivation of seaweed compared with in-sea cultivation (sea-ranching). 42070 Rock Cod, The Sea Ranch CA, is a Single Family home that contains 0 sq ft and was built in 0.It contains 2 bedrooms and 2 bathrooms.This home last sold for $1,200,000 in June 2023. Note that the evaluation ability of experts may be different owing to varied, subjective experiences. The benefits of aquatic products (c432) and the losses caused by natural or man-made disasters (c433) can be regarded as positive or negative economic impacts, respectively. Google Scholar Marine Fish Culture and Enhancement, Washington Sea Grant Program, Seattle, p. 59. 424438, 2019. Step 2: Normalize the IDR matrix. The MRES evaluation process is shown in Figure 3. Just off Molocaboc Island, beneath a turquoise canopy of water, fishers search the coral reef to pick out abalone and sea cucumber, two prized delicacies in Asian cuisine. The importance of marine ranching lies in part in its potential to increase the harvest capacity of many species and to carry out planned and purposeful production of the marine resources. 3, 2017. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 25:1596-1608 (2005). The FCE method presents qualitative results in a quantitative form based on the theory and mathematics of the membership degree of the model. Copyright 2005 Stock Enhancement & Searanching. Taylor et al. adopted a single-region model and a multi-region input-output model to calculate the intraregion and interregion economic impacts of marine ranching [10]. Li and Wei proposed an emergency decision-making style based on D-S evidence theory [34]. 318, pp. Step 3: Make comprehensive evaluation. 4th Symposium - China, 2011 1, pp. 9098, 2017. The 2019 International Symposium on Stock Enhancement and Sea Ranching will be Co-convened with the Florida State University William R. Mote International Symposium on Fisheries Ecology. As the MR-E is the main body of marine ranching operation, it has the best understanding of the actual situation of marine ranching. The type of cage input affects the aquatic ecology and operational efficiency of marine ranching. Overfishing and habitat destruction have reduced the catch of many species and despite reorientation of management approaches their populations have not responded. Different Catches. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. The influence that the system structure has on the system function cannot be ignored. Carp, trout, catfish, and tilapia are also widely raised. As mentioned in Subsections 3.2 and 3.3, each expert can evaluate the performance level () of the MR-E on factor by considering the self-evaluation results (). 155, no. 881887, 2010. 149, pp. (3)Make comprehensive evaluation. The results are shown in(3)Normalize the IDR matrix. Science popularization and education (c532) can help publicize and promote the achievements of marine ranching. The proposed approach focuses on solving the following aspects of these problems: The first is how to construct an evaluation index system for MRES. 406, pp. I. Mukuvari, S. K. Mafwila, and L. Chimuka, Measuring the recovery of the northern benguela current large marine ecosystem (BCLME): an application of the DPSIR framework, Ocean & Coastal Management, vol. Secondly, although experts should be invited to carry out MRES evaluation based on the underlying objective data, one must also rationally examine the experts evaluation ability. These inquiries usually study the following three aspects. With rich expert knowledge, the interrelation and overall influence of various factors can be analyzed better to identify the structural relationships within the complex system, which is again conducive to comprehensive decision-making by stakeholders. W. S. Grant, J. Jasper, D. Bekkevold, and M. Adkison, Responsible genetic approach to stock restoration, sea ranching and stock enhancement of marine fishes and invertebrates, Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, vol. MRES is significant for the ecological benefit and sustainable development of marine ranching. 120, 2020. Footprint: 919 square feet (one bedroom, one bath). 111, Article ID 106000, 2020. The direct-influence matrix can be presented based on the causal relationship provided in the DPSIR framework. The MRES index system is constructed according to the DPSIR framework (see Figure 1). Size-dependent postrelease mortality had a significant impact on the cost-effectiveness of stocking strategies. J. Cheng and J.-p. Tao, Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of drought vulnerability based on the analytic hierarchy process, Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia, vol. Furthermore, the evaluation process has a certain guiding integral role in the development of MRES. It is mainly manifested in the final result of ecological security changes through Driver (C1), Pressure (C2), and State (C3). This paper holds that the above evaluation process has significant reference value for MRES evaluation, but the following two issues should also be paid attention to in the implementation process. 27, no. (On-site registration and Traveler's Meet & Greet on 10 Nov 2019; Then, the MR-E can describe the specific performance on according to the objective and realistic situation in terms of resources, environment, management, and other aspects. The factor weight is determined by employing the DEMATEL method as in subsection 3.3. Sea ranching involves introducing juveniles (either hatchery-produced or wild-caught) into the natural environment where they are allowed to grow without containment structures. For many years, sea ranching was defined as the release of artificially propagated fish into marine stocks to augment natural fisheries production (Blaxter 2000 ); this term has often been used interchangeably with "restocking" or "stock enhancement" to describe management interventions in wild fisheries (Bartley and Bell 2008; Bell et al. In this paper, visualization, intelligence, information system construction (c511), marine technology and management (c512), and research support (c513) are regarded as the aspects to measure the scientific and technological level of marine ranching. To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. Media messaging would also benefit the MR-E, i.e., the wider its media influence, the greater are the potential incentives for an MR-E, which may prompt the MR-E to make more positive changes in order to maintain the reputation of the marine ranching brand. Since the objective data gives the basis and the evaluation question is simple enough, the expert can independently provide scientific evaluation results. (On-site registration and Traveler's Meet & Greet on 10 Nov 2019; In the present study, the State factor includes two types of elements: marine environment (c31) and biological resources (c32). The index system has a theoretical basis. The process of the MRES evaluation is summarized as follows. indicated that the information for business decisions is often vague and imprecise, and developed a fuzzy methodology for sustainable supplier selection based on fuzzy information [35]. Step 2: Combine the factor weight with the fuzzy relationship matrix . at Mote Marine Laboratory in Sarasota, Florida, USA. If the evaluation results of individual experts are simply weighted and averaged as group results, the accuracy of evaluation results may be affected owing to information loss. (5)Response (C5) arises with the changes of MRES. Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email. P. Ma, G. Ye, X. Peng, J. Liu, J. Qi, and S. Jia, Development of an index system for evaluation of ecological carrying capacity of marine ecosystems, Ocean & Coastal Management, vol. The second one is how to reflect influence relationships between evaluation indices in MRES. X. Zhou, X. Zhao, S. Zhang, and J. Lin, Marine ranching construction and management in east China sea: programs for sustainable fishery and aquaculture, Water, vol. According to the principle of maximum membership degree, the evaluation result of the MRES is Excellent. Therefore, the self-evaluation results given by the MR-E on can be expressed as . The Response factor is mainly reflected by three types of elements: science and technology level (c51), management maintenance (c52), and monitoring and science popularization (c53). The MR-E is required to objectively evaluate the performance of marine ranching on, Step 3: Undertake expert evaluation. 518, Article ID 734844, 2020. It is worth noting that recent studies [37] have found several advantages in applying the PSR framework to coastal or marine systems studies. It is worth noting that the inuence degrees between equations (5) and (6) are diffident, because equation (5) only reects the inuence degree of direct relation, whereas equation (6) reects both the direct and the indirect relations. Y. In the present study, the Driver mainly describes the potential factors that cause the change of MRES. To fully use the decision information on all factors, this study suggests the weighted average operator to make combinations, i.e., , . However, it is desirable to capture them before they breed or mate with wild individuals [7]. The collapse of many of the World's fisheries continues to be of major concern and the enhancement of fish stocks through techniques such as ranching is of huge importance and interest across the globe. MRES is the basis for achieving the economic and social benefits of marine ranching, but there are . M. N. Hearnden, C. A. 15, pp. The establishment of a dynamic evaluation mechanism of MRES based on subjective experiences and objective data is a valuable research direction for future work. Y. 674, pp. The benefits of aquatic products (c 432) and the losses caused by natural or man-made disasters (c 433) . ANNOUNCING The continuous growth of the human population calls for high-quality protein. Furthermore, it provides methodical guidance for solving the complex system problem of MRES evaluation [42, 43]. 5.1 Sea/Ocean Ranching. 43, Article ID 101250, 2019. The Zestimate for this Single Family is $1,157,300, which has decreased by $97,600 in the last 30 days.The Rent Zestimate for this Single Family is $3,800/mo, which has increased by $510/mo in the last 30 days. (3)The evaluation process is simple enough. In order to make evaluations for the MRES by combining subjective experience and objective data, it is necessary to carry out self-evaluation first, then expert evaluation, and finally comprehensive integration. For example, Zhang et al. That is, the formulation, improvement, and implementation of policies play a vital role in maintaining MRES. Following the same evaluation process mentioned earlier, is the performance of , and the specifics of the MR-E are as follows. 703, Article ID 134768, 2020. While it is practised in slightly differing forms around . It has a registered capital of 80 million yuan, total assets of 411.99 million yuan, 260 employees, and 160,000 mu of confirmed sea area. It encompasses the terms sea ranching (stocking for put-grow-and-take food fisheries) and restocking (restoring depleted spawning biomass to a level of producing regular yields) [8], which emphasize the intra and inter-generation effects [9]. In-sea cultivation, or sea-ranching, also has its advantages and disadvantages. The specific steps are as follows. Determine the weight of each factor according to the previous steps. Thus, a scientific evaluation of MRES is realized. 159169, 2005. We invited five experts e1,,e5 who are engaged in marine-ranching-related research at the Ocean University of China to participate in the MRES evaluation. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. The function of FCE is to comprehensively integrate the evaluation results of the MR-E given by all experts on various factors and determine the overall performance grade of the MR-E on MRES. MRES evaluation is a process to determine the MRES grade by extracting and integrating the performance data of an MR-E in the five dimensions of DPSIR. These three types of factors have mutual influence and functions, which are affected by socioeconomic activities. 96106, 2017. Although previous studies have focused on MRES and its influence paths, they have not paid attention to how to evaluate it [36]. The abovementioned research has expanded the theory of marine ranching and the methods of ecological security. 465, pp. Here, we outline a responsible approach to managing genetic resources that includes six steps: (1) assess the costs and benefits of a stock restoration or enhancement, (2) set goals and genetic benchmarks, (3) use appropriate brood stock and limit domestication, (4) design release strategies that maximize the effectiveness of supplementation eff. The young fish are bred in the controlled environment and when sufficiently mature are released into the open sea. : on degree of greenness of farming method (c214), the production model that is adopted by the enterprise is a multi-nutrient-level comprehensive breeding mode, and the type of cage put into use in the marine ranching is an ordinary cage with 26 cages. Mass spawning of sandfish in the sea ranch further demonstrated that community-based sandfish sea ranching can help rebuild depleted wild populations. The fuzzy operator. Then, the corresponding to is the final grade level to which the MR-E belongs. No Guarantee of Success An example of failed invertebrate fishing is the scallop ranching in the Bay of Brest. P. Li and C. Wei, An emergency decision-making method based on D-S evidence theory for probabilistic linguistic term sets, International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, vol. MRES evaluation is a long-term dynamic process. (4)Compute the total relation matrix. The evaluation index system of MRES based on the DPSIR model is presented in Section 2. The ISSESR symposiums have been hosted by Norway (1997), Japan (2002), the USA (2006) China (2011), and Australia (2015). According to the GB 3097-1997 Seawater Quality Standards, it is possible to judge the standards reached by the water quality of the water in which the MR-E is located. Optimizing cost effectiveness of size at release in stock enhancement programs. 13, pp. There is evidence that the target organisms of the enterprises proliferating and releasing streams have established self-breeding populations in this sea area. A variety of physical, chemical, or biological tags can be It is also apparent that stock enhancement and sea ranching will used to estimate survival of animals released in research projects catalyze institutional change and influence how, and by whom, to determine the viability of restocking, stock enhancement, living aquatic resources are . Hair, and A. E. Fleming, Sea ranching release techniques for cultured sea cucumber Holothuria scabra (Echinodermata: holothuroidea) juveniles within the high-energy marine environments of northern Australia, Aquaculture, vol. Rehabilitation:. It is mainly reflected in the construction of daily management and protection facilities (c521), scientific management of fishery resources (c522), rules and regulations and archives administration (c523), and patrol maintenance (c524). Based on the quantitative self-evaluation information, five authoritative experts comprehensively evaluate factor . Production costs for various sizes of juvenile fish were related to performance based on capture rates in a subsistence fishery in Kaneohe Bay on the island of Oahu, Hawaii. : on bottom sowing and proliferation and release (c211), the annual number of proliferating and releasing streams or subsiding is 20 million/year. No. R. L. Lewison, M. A. Rudd, W. Al-Hayek et al., How the DPSIR framework can be used for structuring problems and facilitating empirical research in coastal systems, Environmental Science & Policy, vol. For example, the MR-E can provide data on the marine environment, biological resources, and other indices based on the lowest level indices such as target biomass and biodiversity index. Fortunately, the DEMATEL method is powerful for solving MCDM problems. 110119, 2016. Step 5: Conduct the MRES evaluation. M. Dalvi-Esfahani, A. Niknafs, D. J. Kuss, M. Nilashi, and S. Afrough, Social media addiction: applying the DEMATEL approach, Telematics and Informatics, vol. Growth and survival rates were variable among sites. The motivation of the present paper is to propose an evaluation mechanism for MRES based on DEMATEL and FCE. Follow the steps mentioned above to obtain the normalized direct-influence matrix as expressed in equation (5), which shows the normalized direct-influence with their inuence degrees of the ve factors on each other. The results demonstrate that using these methods to evaluate MRES can account for the complex relationships between the factors and the cognitive ability of the experts and thus integrate the experts information comprehensively, which adds to the credibility of the evaluation results. It uses fuzzy mathematics to make an overall evaluation of things or objects subject to various factors [44, 45]. The structure of the paper is as follows. L. Ma, J. Bo, X. Li, F. Fang, and W. Cheng, Identifying key landscape pattern indices influencing the ecological security of inland river basin: the middle and lower reaches of Shule river basin as an example, Science of the Total Environment, vol. This study utilizes DEMATEL to determine the weights of the five factors. 150, pp. The steps to construct the index system are as follows. Water pollution (c221) may occur during construction and routine maintenance, and uncontrollable natural disasters (c222) may also change the state of marine ecological security. Reckless exploitation of marine living resources, disruption of ecological links and damage to critical habitats have created a situation whereby many wild stocks that had traditionally supported commercial fisheries are no longer able to replenish abundance through reproductive recruitment and are unable to regain their adaptation and genetic variability. 511532, 2018. In this paper, we consider how size at release (SAR)-dependent survival of stocked fish can influence the cost-effectiveness of stocking strategies. 137, pp. Consequently, the performance of the MR-E on each factor can be described as a membership distribution by integrating those performances on its included elements.