Each comparison had only one included trial and had continuous outcomes. Recently, five broad categories of meditation practices were identified by a group of experts using modified Delphi methodology (Ospina 2007). There were 7 excluded studies. ", Randomized controlled trial, but used a modified randomization method to ensure the medicated subjects were equally distributed between the 3 groups, 24 boys from the Five Towns area of Lang Island, New York, USA diagnosed with ADHD (DSMIII) based on parent and child interviews, Parents were to be included in the training sessions, Quote: "were randomly assigned to one of three conditions". We will pool dichotomous outcomes using the risk ratio (RR) as the summary statistic. Danforth JS, Mantra meditation was compared to relaxation training and to waiting list controls with drugs. Comment: the intervention cannot be blinded. Ulaszek WR, Posner M, Many adults use affirmations to counteract negative feelings they have about themselves or to diffuse tension and stress throughout the day. Johnston J, The imputation of appropriate effect will be done by using the 'design effect' to calculate effective sample size. The analysis was done by calculating the endpoint scores after four weeks of treatment. The authors may also selectively accentuate the significance of positive outcomes while omitting to clarify the negative outcomes (reporting bias). Qi Gong (a category of 'energy healing', including Reiki, therapeutic touch and the Korean practice of Chundosunbup). Wigal SB, Meditation for ADHD has been reviewed as a psychological treatment along with other psychosocial interventions. Accessibility In the other two studies (Haffner 2006; Kratter 1983) no diagnostic reconfirmation procedures were used. Sitarenios G, TK is conducting a randomized controlled trial 'Breathing meditation with methylphenidate for the treatment of attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder children', which is registered at www.ClinicalTrials.gov (Krisanaprakornkit 2008). We also contacted worldwide organizations with resources for ADHD: AttentionDeficit Disorder Association, AttentionDeficit Disorder Resources; ADHD Support, Children and Adults with AttentionDeficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (CHADD), the National Resource Center on AD/HD (NRC), Children and Adults with AttentionDeficit Disorders, Learning Disabilities Association of America, the AttentionDeficit Resource Network (ADRN) and the National Center for Girls and Women with AD/HD. The sense of internal control and classroom behavior were not improved in any treatment group. 1 Find out signs and symptoms of hyperactivity in a child, what causes hyperactivity, and some tips to consider for helping your child to self-regulate. Only patients who completed the entire trial were analyzed by perprotocol analysis. It is said that just chanting OM, 3 times, can lower the heart rate, make you 20% more calm within just a few seconds. However, in this review we adhere to the old classification since it is generally well accepted and commonly used in the literature, although both classifications substantially overlap. Different types of outcome (dichotomous, continuous, survival data). The Mindfulnessbased Stress Reduction Program (KabatZinn 1992) has subsequently been researched in ADHD adults and adolescents (Zylowska 2008). Moreover, Kratter 1983 and MorettiAltuna 1987 were dissertations which should guarantee the completeness of reporting. Jensen 2004 reported the number of boys who began the trial (n = 16) but only data for 14 boys were used in analysis. Randomization methods are not mentioned, therefore we cannot assess the adequacy of allocation concealment. Measured by scale, grades or teacher reports, including: Depression/anxietyrelated outcome including: Conduct/oppositional disorder outcomes, including: To determine whether meditation is the main intervention in multicomponent therapy, the authors of the studies must specify meditation or related words in the title or keywords of the articles. The endpoint score with standard deviation will be considered first in analysis if both endpoint score and change score are available. This issue has also appeared in the news (e.g. Professor Dr. Pisake Lumbiganon for initiating and supporting this review. The most basic Mantra: OM - The sound of the universe. Hyperactive children want and need to move around. Comparison 2 Meditation therapy versus standard treatment without drug, Outcome 1 Teacher rating ADHD scale. KT and WC independently screened the titles and abstracts obtained by the search strategies against the eligibility criteria stated above. If the ICC was not reported it will be assumed to be 0.05 (Higgins 2008). Undoubtedly, children are what they see and learn. We therefore rate the quality of evidence for each outcome separately. Nonpharmacological treatment of ADHD in childhood can be divided into three categories: parent or familyfocused strategies, childdirected interventions and schoolbased interventions (ICSI 2005). In addition to increased attention, meditation may produce a state of calmness and contentment which is generally lacking in the ADHD population (Jensen 2004). Further studies have followed Kratter's trial but many of these have used a beforeafter design which has several methodological limitations. Zylowska L, Sommer T, Bring your attention to the center of your chest and forehead. At this time there is no specific systematic review of meditation for ADHD only. Let them know that in 10 minutes we will switch to math, 5 minutes, 2.5 minutes. The recent narrative review by Greydanus 2007 emphasized medication and meditation was only mentioned under the heading of psychological management, which included many types of psychological interventions (psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, support groups, parent training, educator/teacher training, biofeedback, meditation and social skills training). The study provided both endpoint scores with SD and change scores with SD for each outcome. randomization by clinician or treatment settings), unless the cluster effect was accounted for, analysis and pooling of clustered data will result in unit of analysis error and overestimate statistical significance. One study, which was carried out in Germany (Haffner 2006), used the Diagnostic System for Psychic Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence, which corresponded to ICD10 diagnosis. This design cannot therefore be described as crossover. Haffner 2006 was carried out in Germany and Jensen 2004 was carried out in Australia. Other adults may retain only some of the symptoms, in which case the diagnosis should be ADHD in partial remission. Of the 14 boys who completed the trials, 6 participated in the yoga group only, 5 who were originally in the control group moved from the control group to the yoga group, and 3 were in the control group only. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. Different followup periods: at the end of trial, any specified period after trial, repeated followup measures. Notice the presence of this moment. Quantitative laboratory assessment measures of ADHD symptoms, psychological testing etc. Fletcher KE, Haffner 2006 and Jensen 2004 used Hatha yoga, which is more physicalbased. are surrogate outcomes which are less important. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, Text Revision (DSMIVTR) (APA 2000), prevalence estimates among school children in the US are between 3% and 7% (APA 2000), but other estimates range from 1.7% to 16.0% (Pritchard 2005). In MorettiAltuna 1987 there was no mention of the number of enrolled participants at the beginning of the trial. Take a few deep, slow breaths. Trial quality is discussed in the 'Assessment of risk of bias in included studies' section, with graphical presentations in Figure 1 and Figure 2. Hatha yoga versus nonspecific physical exercise (skewed data), Hatha yoga versus nonspecific exercise for ADHD (phase 2: after crossing over) (Haffner 2006), DAT = Dortmund Attention Test FBBHKS = Fremdbeurteilungsbogen fr hyperkinetische Strungen (FBBHKS): a rating scale for parents, teachers and educators. other psychological treatment: cognitive behavioral therapy, parent training program, counseling etc. We will reveal the skewed data in additional tables. et al. We checked the titles from the preliminary search results and there were 17 potentially relevant studies at this stage. Each study measured many outcomes. Genes and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Precipitation of acute psychotic episodes by intensive meditation in individuals with a history of schizophrenia, Wechsler Individual Achievement Test Manual. Krisanaprakornkit W, In adulthood, restlessness may lead to difficulty in participating in sedentary activities and to avoiding pastimes or occupations that provide limited opportunity for spontaneous movement (e.g. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Jensen PS, The present study aimed to find out the effectiveness of Vedic chanting in cognitive impairments of a G-year-old ADHD child. Another reason for the small number of studies might be that meditation trials are less supported than medication trials, which may be funded by drug companies. : . Hero Images / Getty Images Hyperactivity and constant fidgeting cause challenges at home and at school, but it's important for parents and children alike to remember that these behaviors are not something a child can control. To ensure the appropriateness of metaanalysis, the following standards will be applied to all data before inclusion. The quality of evidence was "very low" according to the GRADE classification for 'Teacher rating ADHD overall scale' (see Summary of findings table 2). KT entered all relevant data into RevMan 5 (RevMan 2008) and NC checked data for correctness. MorettiAltuna 1987 compared meditation training versus drug therapy versus standard therapy control. Only one of the four included studies reported the method of randomization which was the use of drawing lots (Haffner 2006). the effect of the quality criteria (determine the effect of studies with high risk of bias on the overall effect); and. The symptoms of ADHD can begin in childhood and persist into adulthood. 6.1 Medication 6.2 Therapy 6.3 Self Help Tips 7 Conclusion 8 A Word From Mantra Care Defining Hyperactive ADHD ADHD is a condition that is characterized by problems with focus, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness. We searched the following complementary and alternative medicine specific databases to January 2010: We also searched the following sources to January 2010: The search strategies for these databases are shown in the appendices two to seven (see Appendices). Swanson JM. There are no potential conflict of interest for the other authors. Yoga versus control for ADHD (Jensen 2004). Hyperactive . Only Haffner 2006 described the reason for dropout of one participant (moved home). 2. Concerning the qualification and skills of the meditation instructors, only Haffner 2006 used a welltrained yoga teacher while in the other three included studies the subjects were taught by the investigators themselves. Actograph pedometer which uses devices to monitor a child's movements and displays these as an actograph which provides an objective indicator of general motor activity. Quote: "boys who were randomly allocated to the control group in the first allocation". Shaywitz BA, Jensen 2004 used Conners Parent Rating Scales: Long (CPRS: R (L)) that demonstrated scores (over 70 tscore) to confirm the diagnosis of ADHD in all participants. In Haffner 2006 five out of nine of the yoga group were medicated while three out of 11 of the control group were medicated. To assess the effectiveness of meditation therapies as a treatment for ADHD. Kratter 1983 compared three intervention groups: meditation training versus relaxation training versus waiting list control. For this study there was no statistically significant difference between the meditation therapy group and the drug therapy group on the teacher rating ADHD scale (MD 2.72, 95% CI 8.49 to 3.05, 15 patients). The Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC): Factor structure, reliability and validity, Using dissertations to examine potential bias in child and adolescent clinical trials, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, International education: meditation helps students.