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"[88] In December 1963, the Secretary of Defense, Robert McNamara, visited South Vietnam where he reported the American team in Saigon "lacks leadership, has been poorly informed and is not working to a common plan". backed the creation of the Panama Canal and Roosevelt's Known as Casa Susanna, the house provided a safe place to express their true selves. As chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Lodge opposed President Woodrow Wilson over ratification of the Treaty of Versailles. The first was in 1942 while he was also serving as a U.S. senator. Leave her to march freely through the centuries to come, as in the years that have gone. After graduating from Harvard in 1876 with the first Ph.D. in political science ever awarded by that institution, Lodge married a cousin, Anna Cabot Mills Davis, and was admitted to the bar. (WW1) Created Date: 20170220044408Z . [Long pause]. Maybe it's time to revive one of Massachusetts'. As I argued, racism was common at the time, but Lodge was a particularly virulent racist, as seen in his determined refusal to allow anything like self government to the Phillipinos on the gournds that they were racially unqualified. In June 1922, he introduced the LodgeFish Resolution, to illustrate American support for the British policy in Palestine per the 1917 Balfour Declaration. Lodge advised caution, saying a coup would be a "shot in the dark". He repeatedly condemned Wilson as a weak [63] Dinh told the press conference: "I have defeated Henry Cabot Lodge. If Wilson would have been more flexible, he could have gotten the US in the LON with a few reservations. There should, however, be an urgent effort to identify and build contacts with possible alternatives leadership as and when it appears". [74], Unknown to Lodge, the Ngo brothers had learned of the conspiracy and Nhu had developed a complex plan to stage a pseudo-coup to find out just who were the plotters were. In 1922, President Warren G. Harding appointed Lodge as a delegate to the Washington Naval Conference (International Conference on the Limitation of Armaments), led by Secretary of State Charles Evans Hughes, and included Elihu Root and Oscar Underwood. In spite of assurances to Lodge that the lives of Diem and his brother, Ngo Dinh Nhu, would be spared, both were killed during the takeover. A party-line Republican, Lodge was a supporter of the gold standard, a high protective tariff, preparedness, an aggressive approach to global politics, and a Navy large enough to back it up. In a major speech before the legislature voted, Lodge took pride in his long selfless service to the state. 9231221). Tell it to Emilio Aguinaldo I'm perfectly happy keeping him as a villian, though I've no doubbt he was kind to his grandchildren, Health Researchers Show Segregation 100 Years Ago Harmed Black Health, and Effects Continue Today, Understanding the Leading Thinkers of the New American Right, Want to Understand the Internet? [55] In an attempt to prod the president into making up his mind, on August 29 Lodge wrote in a cable: "We are launched on a course from where there is no respectable turning back: the overthrow of the Diem government. Lodge was depicted by Sir Cedric Hardwicke in Darryl Zanuck's 1944 film Wilson, a biography of President Wilson. [64] Taylor over a tennis match at the Cercle Sportif sports club with one of the conspirators, General Dng Vn Minh, asked him how the plot was going. Senator Henry Cabot Lodge. Ever since July 1963, a group of senior South Vietnamese generals had been in contact with the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), asking for American support for a coup d'tat. EP30215). Unable and perhaps unwilling to reach an agreement with Wilson, Lodge used his power and position to ensure the defeat of the treaty -- and prevent American participation in the League of Nations. Lodge served alongside Charles A. Wentworth II and Bryan Harding in his first term (188081) and alongside, Leo Gross, "The Charter of the United Nations and the Lodge Reservations. If I can do anything for your physical safety, please call me. Footage of former President Eisenhower endorsing Lodge for vice president in 1960 was used in TV commercials and portrayed as Eisenhower endorsing Lodge for president. The first was Bravo I with Diem loyalists pretending to stage a coup, which would be joined by the rebel generals while at the same time the pseudo-coup makers would murder several American advisers and proclaim on the radio station that a "revolutionary government" had come to power, which would tar the real rebel generals with the charge of being pro-Communist. [3] The largest bloc, led by Lodge, comprised a majority of the Republicans. As chair of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, the Republican Lodge opposed Democratic President Woodrow Wilson over the postWorld War I Treaty of Versailles. [50] Lodge gave Diem a list of reforms to carry out such as his dismissing Nhu; silencing his abrasive and bombastic wife, Madame Nhu; bring to trial the officials responsible for the massacre in Hue on May 8; and provide for greater religious tolerance, all of which were anathema to him. His successful crusade against Woodrow Wilson's Treaty of Versailles ensured that the United States never joined the League of Nations and his reservations against that treaty influenced the structure of the modern United Nations.[3][4]. From his election as senator [46] Thrust into the crisis, Lodge received a cable from Kennedy demanding to know what was going on, and in his reply Lodge wrote that Nhu had ordered the raids "probably" with the "full support" of his older brother. He emphasized that he had never engaged in corruption or self-dealing. You have my telephone number. 1920. [40] Lodge had visited Vietnam as a newsman in the 1930s, and though he spoke no Vietnamese, he was fluent in French, a language widely used by the South Vietnamese elite. DOI: 10.15463/ie1418.10186. ), U.S. senator and diplomat who ran unsuccessfully for the vice presidency of the United States in 1960. Warns Russia to Keep Hands off in Guatemala Crisis (1955), "Longines Chronoscope with Sen. 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His first appointment was in 1890, as a Member of the House of Representatives, and he served until his election as a senator in 1893. Brief Life History of Henry. Lodge was an advocate for American action against Spain in 1898 and later for the acquisition of the Philippines . As the public voice of the Immigration Restriction League, Lodge argued in support of literacy tests for incoming immigrants. Lodge, a patrician and wealthy scion of a distinguished Boston Brahmin family, had a very poor working relationship with Diem, an equally patrician and wealthy scion of a distinguished mandarin family as both men were too used to having others defer to them to accept an equal. [22] In November 1952 Lodge was defeated by Kennedy; Lodge received 48.5% of the vote to Kennedy's 51.5%. The project originated with St . In 1926, Lodge married Emily Esther Sears. The organization acquired a mailing list of 96,000 Republican voters which successfully established a base for Lodge in New Hampshire. Lodge began his career in politics, after several years as a journalist, with two terms as a Republican in the Massachusetts legislature (193336), followed by service in the U.S. Senate (193744, 194752). [77] Dinh agreed to take part in Nhu's Bravo plan, and told officers loyal to Diem that they would be pretended to be taking part in a coup. [63] To persuade Dinh to change loyalties, one of the leading conspirators, General Trn Vn n, invited him to join him in "inspection tour" of the provincial towns of South Vietnam in September 1963. [35] On May 8, 1963, the Buddhist crisis began when the police in Hue fired into a peaceful crowd celebrating Vesak (the birthday of the Buddha) killing nine people, eight of whom were children. Henry Cabot Lodge suffered a stroke and died only nine months after Wilson, in November 1924. "[42], Mount Lodge, also named Boundary Peak 166, located on the CanadaUnited States border in the Saint Elias Mountains was named in 1908 after him in recognition of his service as U.S. Boundary Commissioner in 1903.[43]. Wilson was "supposed" to know better. Close friend to Theodore Roosevelt, Lodge supported imperialist endeavors and favored military preparedness following the outbreak of World War I. strong. Lodge won the political battle. War, which he saw as a conflict between good and evil. In March 1950, Lodge sat on a subcommittee of the Government Operations Committee, chaired by Democratic Senator Millard Tydings, which looked into Senator Joseph McCarthy's list of possibly communist State Department employees. [78] At about 1 pm, the coup began with many officers thinking that they only taking part in Bravo I plan. world. I have heard the shooting, but [I] am not acquainted with all the facts. After World War I, Lodge became Chairman of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations and the leader of the Senate Republicans. Grenville, John A. S. and George Berkeley Young. He led the Draft Eisenhower movement before the 1952 election and served as Eisenhower's campaign manager, ensuring that his candidate triumphed at the 1952 Republican National Convention. [103] Henrys son, Henry Sears Lodge Jr., MD, (1958-2017) was a physician at NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital and became well known as the author of the 'Younger Next Year' series of books. Moreover, international law--taken in its broadest sense--has come a long way. Eisenhower defeated Democratic nominee Adlai Stevenson II in the general election, but Lodge lost his own re-election campaign to then-Congressman Kennedy. involvement in world affairs. When members of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee learned of former president Woodrow Wilson's death in 1924, they asked their chairman, Henry Cabot Lodge, to represent them at the funeral. Nine months later, Warren . [9][10] Lodge maintained a lifelong friendship with Adams.[11]. Wilson refused to accept the Lodge reservations, feeling that they would destroy the basic intent of the League. Henry Cabot Lodge (1850-1924) was born into a prominent Boston family in 1850. So when I am teaching the history of race relations, Lodge is a hero of sorts. When Henry Parker was born in 1531, in Great Hallingbury, Essex, England, United Kingdom, his father, Sir Henry Parker, 10th Baron Lord Morley, English Peer and Translator, was 55 and his mother, Lady Alice St. John, Baroness Parker of Morley, was 47. document.documentElement.className += 'js'; the light of America's experience in subsequent years Henry Cabot Lodge, "League of Nations" Rabbi Stephen A. Lodge argued in hearings that Tydings demonized McCarthy and whitewashed McCarthy's supposed discovery of security leaks at the State Department. Nixon and Lodge lost the election in a razor-thin vote. [81] The following transcript of their conversation in French reads: Diem: Some units have made a rebellion and I want to know what is the attitude of the United States. Lodge: Yes. Graduated from Harvard in 1871. For too long Lodge has been demonized as the prototype between the European antagonists struck Lodge as close to This did not reflect all Republicans, despite Lodges unofficial position as Senate Majority Leader. thoroughly, he barely won reelection to the Senate in 1922. During the war he saw two tours of duty. Gwin, Stanford Payne. It was attached to Britain as a mandate. Send me over an new Army!" He was born in Paris, Ile-de-France, France. Lodge entered Republican politics on the state level, and for a decade held various offices, including a seat in the Massachusetts House of Representatives. There is far more experience, for better and for worse, with international agreements and organizations. He looked up at the ceiling and talked about irrelevant subjects. Finally, Diem revealed in a phone call to n that he and his brother were at Saint Francis Xavier, a Catholic church in Cholon and was willing to go into exile provided he, his brother and their families were promised safe conduct. He continued to represent the United States in various countries under Presidents Johnson, Nixon, and Ford. [66], At the same time, Lodge and General Harkins waged a struggle against one another with both men leaking unflattering information about the other to the press. This decision fatefully impacted both Lodge and Roosevelt. At one point during the convention, Lodge was confronted by a staunch Goldwater supporter who called him terrible for opposing Goldwater. If you don't wnat to read the books I suggested, just to a web search for "henry cabo lodge" and "race" or "racism." He saw an active He had defeated Roosevelt (who ran on the Progressive Party ticket) and the Republican candidate. See, by the way, Mencken's outstand essay on Theodore Roosevelt: "Roosevelt: An Autopsy". In 1919, as the unofficial Senate majority leader, Lodge dealt with the debate over the Treaty of Versailles and the Senate's ultimate rejection of the treaty. In the 1950s and 60s, an underground network of transgender women and cross-dressing men found refuge at a house in the Catskills region of New York. Despite his busy legislative career, Lodge found time to write many books and articles, including The Senate and the League of Nations, a personal memoir of the important treaty debate. Men known as "irreconcilables" also refused compromise, rejecting the league outright. In contrast to his grandfather (who had been a principal opponent of the UN's predecessor, the League of Nations), Lodge was supportive of the UN as an institution for promoting peace. [68] The conflict between Lodge and Harkins also extended to Kennedy as the latter continued to send messages to the president warning against the coup while the former continued to press for it. The episodes tainted an otherwise distinguished career and painted Lodge as a face of US imperialism and exceptionalism. Lodge served as U.S. ambassador to South Vietnam (196364, 196567), and as such he was the main channel of communication between Washington and the South Vietnamese leadership. Through his mother, Mathilda Elizabeth Frelinghuysen (Davis), he was a great-grandson of Senator Frederick Theodore Frelinghuysen,[1] and a great-great-grandson of Senator John Davis. At one point, to get Nhu out of South Vietnam, a plan emerged to offer Nhu (who fancied himself an intellectual, being very committed to a Catholic philosophy called Personalism) a professorship of philosophy at Harvard, which however was foiled when the Harvard professor of economics serving with the Kennedy administration, John Kenneth Galbraith, warned that Nhu's murky writings on his Personalist philosophy would not make the grade at Harvard. [61], Kennedy accepted Lodge's recommendations and gave him carte blanche to manage the affairs in Vietnam as he best saw fit, and gave him the power to cut off American aid if necessary.