cost breakup for flatcost breakup for flat

By the time you reach this stage, your problems probably extend further than just how much money you will be losing. Upgrading From HDB to Condo Pros and Cons, 8 Best Luxury Condominiums In Singapore (September 2022). For instance, one spouse may agree to transfer their interest in the flat to the other spouse in return for some remuneration. Breaking a lease can be costly, but it's worth exploring your options. Privately Owned Vehicle (POV) Mileage Reimbursement Rates. ft. and above, exclusive of furniture. What happens when it comes to designing your interiors to suit your needs and preferences? #1: What Are the Factors That Affect Your 1BHK Interior Design Cost? ft., while in Hyderabad Any additional ballot chances accumulated from previous unsuccessful BTO applications will be reset to zero. This Interior Design Cost in Mumbai Guide Will Help You Save Both Mone 15+ Significant Ways of Cost-Efficient Room Designing by Livspace, How to Calculate Your 4BHK Interior Design Cost: A Definitive Guide. For instance, there could be different contractors for plumbing, for wiring, for painting and for actual construction. ), Banned from buying or balloting for another BTO flat for one year, Banned from buying or balloting for another BTO flat for. Wayne State University Board of Governors on Thursday unanimously approved a 3.5% tuition increase for undergraduate and graduate students for 2023-24, but officials said a flat-rate tuition recently approved for undergraduates will result in a lower cost for students who enroll in 15 or more credits. Splitwise is a free tool for friends and roommates to track bills and other shared expenses, so that everyone gets paid back. We have picked sixteen #LivspaceHomes and bucketed them under the following categories: We love working on homes within this budget because it can be challenging to provide high-quality, functional and stunning homes without crossing the budget limit. ft.Budget: 30 35 LakhsScope: Full home design, Location: GurgaonSize: 3BHK spanning 2,000 sq. So, by skimping on quality, you might just run up a more expensive renovation bill in the future. For luxury houses - 2000 Rs/sqft. Your email address will not be published. What happens if I wish to apply for another BTO HDB flat? This will effectively put you out of owning your very own home that is unless you can afford the private property since this bar includes resale flats and executive condominiums as well. To understand how much you would have to shell out to design your 3BHK apartment, you first need to identify the factors that will affect the cost. ft. the saleable area with a rate of Rs.5,500 per sq. Take a look at the 3BHK interior design cost breakdown of an average renovation and a new home design for you: Renovation Cost Breakup of a 3BHK interior design. These prices are an estimate. This home is an opulent masterpiece. ft. approx. Please note that all prices listed here are specific to the time of publishing. Alternatively, you can sell the flat in the open market since your MOP requirement has already been satisfied. Purchase price of the property: Rs.80 lakhs . This Interior Design Cost in Mumbai Guide Will Help You Save Painting Cost per Square Foot: A Detailed Guide on the Cost 15+ Significant Ways of Cost-Efficient Room Designing by Liv 1BHK Interior Design Cost: Whats Included in Your 1BH Everything You Need to Know About 3BHK Interior Design Cost: How Much Will Your Bathroom Renovation Really Cost? While non-married couples can start the application process, they have to produce a marriage certification when collecting the keys to their flats.). After all, theyre relatively more affordable to rent out and maintain before you decide to grow your family or invest in a bigger home. Currency : All prices in INDIAN RUPEES. 1. Each option has advantages and disadvantages. Whether you want a standard 1BHK home design, a premium 1BHK design or a 1BHK design that spells luxury, take a look at the room-wise costs of a 1BHK: *These costs are for reference only; Exact costs might differ based on location, scope of work and size of home. Not only will you have to return the flat to HDB (who might offer you some compensation at their discretion), you will also be barred from buying or balloting for another HDB flat for a number of years. see also about: construction cost per square feet. What Kind of Wood or Wood-like Materials are Used in Home In A Quick Guide to Interior Design Cost in Hyderabad. Dont let these worries keep you up at night, as we can help paint a picture of what goes into the interior design cost for 1BHKs. Before getting into what your 1BHK interior package entails, you first need to understand the factors that can affect your 1BHK interior design cost. Home Property Trends How to go ahead with house construction while maintaining the cost. Airplane*. ft. Once your floor plans are ready, the next step is to get the layouts approved from the concerned authorities. It is calculated at 0.4% of the loan amount, subject to a maximum of $500. ft. *These Livspace interior designer costs per square foot are for reference only; exact costs might differ according to your nature of requirements, size of home and location. Perhaps what is the biggest problem about breaking up and defaulting on your BTO application at this stage is that you will not be allowed to apply to buy or ballot for another HDB flat for one year. BangaloreChennaiHyderabadMumbaiPune. b) Have multiple meetings with the architects. Total amount lost: $58,902.77 (not including interest for EHG). This only happens if you fail to select your unit at least twice, so if this is your very first time applying, cancelling at this stage wont be too much of an issue. Your future - and bank account - depends on it in more ways than one. It's still close to its highest level in a year, reached a couple weeks ago. Basic . These articles, the information therein and their other contents are for information purposes only. Stock market today: Wall Street drifts to start what could be a quiet week. You are now looking at the possibility of not having a home at all depending on whether you have reached the Minimum Occupation Period (MOP) of 5 years, you might be forced to give up your HDB flat. The starting price range for 1BHK interiors is 900 1,500 per sq. There are 4 main stages in a BTO application process: The numbers used in this article will be based on the price of a 4-room BTO HDB flat during the recent Sembawang February 2020 BTO Sales Launch (starting from $272,000, excluding grants). However, you may apply to IRAS for a refund of the stamp duty paid on your cancelled flat. While budgeting for a 2BHK home interior, the homeowner should list down the basic necessary furniture and decor that is required, like, a kitchen, wardrobes, storage, beds, sofas and curtains. The 3 BHK interior design cost will change depending on the final look that you want for your home. Location: HyderabadSize: 3BHK spanning 1,870 sq. It includes materials and labor. This is largely because DIY renovations and cheap materials can be more expensive to maintain. We help you find your perfect home. What type of construction material you are planning to use? *These costs are for reference only; Exact costs might differ based on location, scope of work and size of home. In Loknayak Puram, 1 BHK flat of area 42-44.46 . Scope: Renovation, kitchen excludedSize: 900 sq. Whether youre designing a new home or planning a minor or major renovation of your old home, there are labour costs also involved. It facilitates comparison 2.2.2 4. Most people add floors to the structure. Budget: Under 20 lacsScope: Kitchen design, kitchen hob and bedroom wardrobeSize: A 2BHK. If you have no children from your marriage, you can take over the flat under the Single Singapore Citizen (SSC) Scheme or choose to include another person to retain the flat. What Affects the 3BHK Interior Design Cost? This 2BHK features several budget elements like plain walls, swing and multifunctional wardrobes and low-cost finishes like laminate. She was with us through the ups and downs of all our decisions. Room-Wise Breakdown: 2BHK Interior Design Costs. The second method is based on your scope, i.e. The S&P 500 fell 19.51 points, or 0.4%, to 4,328.82. These prices are an estimate. Property rates & trends in Banjara Hills, Hyderabad. You can save a lot, if you avoid dealing with the retailer or rely on a contractor for sourcing the material. Retail leasing may touch 5.5-6 msf in 2023: Report. To identify whether your bill include per minute or per hour, you may refer the Resource section of your invoice, which states the unit of measure for the consumption . Try T Whats the Interior Design Cost in Kolkata for 1BHK, 2 How to Calculate Your 4BHK Interior Design Cost: A Definitiv Whats the Interior Design Cost in Pune for 1BHK, 2BHK and 3 8 Creative Hacks to Cut Down the Cost of Home Interiors. Cost Estimator. Get Planters, Lights, Home Textiles, Furnitures, Mattresses & more, From the cost of interior design to estimated furniture rates, weve covered it all in this in-depth price guide on designing 1BHKs. HDB BTO. it is best to look at some basic cost breakup by the room. The right answer is yes. c) Hire the labourers directly: This is the most difficult and less opted option, as it involves a lot of negotiation with the labourers who are often difficult to hire. The breakups are explained below. How to save cost while constructing a house? Advantages and disadvantages. The Ultimate Guide to Help You Understand Interior Design Co 8 Creative Hacks to Cut Down the Cost of Home Interiors. Eon Shenton, 70 Shenton Way, 18-08, Singapore, 079118, https://www.hdb.gov.sg/residential/buying-a-flat/new/buying-process/changes-and-cancellation, 8 Hacks To Improve Your HDB BTO Ballot Chances. From choosing the right colours to the perfect furniture pieces, it is a great opportunity to express your personal style. Project cost breakdown displayed in a Cost of Work report in actiTIME - time and task management software. Once it is in the final stages, you might want to pick up other important things which includes the following things: Wall painting, plumbing and wiring work can begin as the construction work reaches the last phase. How important is the direction of the main door in Vastu for an under-construction property? To do so, weve created this guide on 3BHK interior design costs that breaks down what youre expected to pay in different cities, for different rooms as well as for different services. Ft. Price Range of a 1BHK? Of course, if you have already gone through with the BTO and are starting to regret it, our experienced Singapore divorce lawyers will be able to guide you through and out of this difficult time. In general, the industry thumb rule is to budget for at least 10 to 15% of the cost of your property. When it comes to choosing a designer for your dream house, you might be feeling apprehensive about how much you can spend on 3BHK interior design cost. Budget: 8 lacs approx. "Wayne State remains one of the best investments a person can make in their future, and a leader in providing affordable access to higher education," said Wayne State President M. Roy Wilson. However, this involves a lot of involvement and negotiation. If you think this is inconsequential, think again: first-timer privileges include enjoying greater priority when applying for a new HDB flat, including: Additionally, you wont be able to apply for the Enhanced CPF Housing Grant (EHG) down the road since its available only to first-timer households. Ray ID: 7dfe88ff482592d2 Your overall 2BHK design charges can vary depending on the city, labour charges, material and finish, design, and the size of your home. Overall, it was a nice experience, it sounds a little expensive but it was totally worth it. But before you start designing, heres everything you should keep in mind: *Please note that these are estimated 1BHK furniture costs. Couples Your interior design budget will vary as per the scope of your project. A uniquely Singaporean rite of passage is cementing your commitment to your significant other by taking on what is probably the biggest joint project of your lives. ft. area. My experience of having my home designed by Livspace was smooth. #8: How Much Should You Budget for Your 1BHK Furniture Cost? Get a room-wise breakdown & a city-wise breakup of 3BHK design costs. The total amount you lose at this stage is relatively little compared to if you bailed out at later stages, but its no small sum either. This is the amount paid directly to the builder as the cost of the property. Budget: Under 10 lacsScope: Kitchen, wardrobe and storageSize: 940 sq. You can order the construction material like concrete, bricks, beams and columns directly from the maker or wholesaler. Machining Cost. When you contact our matrimonial law team, we will provide you with a consultation, tailored to your specific circumstances and goals in mind.. You can find Indias top interior designers at Livspace. Get SingSavers top tips and deals, plus an exclusive free guide to investing, sent straight to your inbox. 1. Insurance, taxes, maintenance and utility costs vary by region, driving up the true cost of homeownership. When you consider the average Londoner's salary in 2023 is 40,000 (before tax), it's no surprise that so many city dwellers end up flat sharing! For instance, in the most recent BTO Sales Launch, 20,252 applicants vied for 2,088 flats; only 1 in 10 was successful. BTO Designing the interior of your 2BHK can be an exciting process. How is Livspace Better Than Your Carpenter? Home finances are definitely not a simple and clear process as demonstrated and need to be carefully considered for various factors. The premium amount depends on factors such as your declared percentage of coverage, loan amount, age and gender. Rich colours like blue, gold and beige have been used to make this flat look royal and grand. Ft. Home Designed Under 8 Lacs, Cute & Compact Pune Home Has End-to-End Interiors Under 10 Lakhs. By this stage, the stakes would be a lot higher. c) Do not interfere with their process. You can look for government-approved architects, who can suggest designs keeping in mind the bye-laws and guidelines as suggested by the local authority. Usually the workforce charges on shift basis but it will be difficult for you to keep stock of their time and the total work done. ft.Budget: 12 15 LakhsScope: Full home design, Location: NoidaSize: 3BHK spanning approximately 1,700 sq. The Trut How to Calculate the Cost of Your Dream False Ceiling? This can help you budget better while designing your 1BHK interiors. ft. depends upon multiple factors. Now that you know the factors that affect the 2BHK interior design cost, lets show you how a combination of these factors materialise into budgets for real homes. Setup a FREE consultation with one of our lawyers, The Cost of Defaulting on a BTO: Breakdown of a Breakup, Child Custody Battles: What to Expect and How to Prepare, Updating Your Marital Status after Divorce/Annulment, The First Steps to Contacting a Divorce Lawyer. Giving up your HDB flat at this stage can cause you to be disbarred from applying or owning HDB properties for up to a few years! Property rates & trends in Kalyan, Mumbai. See also: How to get a home construction loan, to construct your own house. b) Hire contractors: You can hire a contractor who can hire the construction workforce and can get your work done on time. Any grants you get, such as the EHG, would also have to be returned with interests. This can cost you more as compared to the other two options but will cause minimal hassles for you, as proper agreements and clauses are signed before the construction is started. Talk to our designerto get a free quote today. The flat-rate structure is designed to encourage students to take more classes so they can graduate sooner and reduce their overall costs. If you are hiring a contractor, make sure you bring him on contract basis, instead of daily wages. Moreover, how much should you budget for your 1BHK interior design cost? Anil Gupta Updated 3 Mar, 20 Scope: End-to-end interiorsSize: 750 sq. Experts always suggest that one should research as much as you can, before heading into the process. You need to be insured under HPS if you want to use your CPF Ordinary Account savings to pay your monthly installments. Scope: Full home designSize: A 2.5BHK. Mentions of costs, budget, materials, finishes, and products from the Livspace catalogue can vary with reference to current rates. ft. Home Loan vs. Loan against Property: The Crucial Differences, Why demonetization of Rs 500 & Rs 1000 notes is good for home buyers, Ready Reckoner: How to Apply and Track Your Application Status Under PMAY, 3 Things You Must Check Before Buying Plot in India , The Top 10 Tips for Furnishing Small Apartments, The Top 6 Factors Affecting Valuation of Your Property, Everything You Need to Know About Top-Up Loans, The Top 5 Tips in Negotiating for Your New Property. ft. with electrical looping: TV Unit Panelling With MR Ply and SF Laminate 830 per sq. Ltd. and by continuing to use www.singsaver.com.sg (the SingSaver Website) or by carrying out a transaction on the SingSaver Website, users are deemed to have agreed with the Terms and Conditions andPrivacy Policy of the SingSaver Website. ft. A significant portion of the cost of this 2BHK flat interior design was due to the hidden storage. Disclaimer:All contents of the story are specific to the time of publication. Budget: Under 30 lacsScope: Full home designSize: 700 sq. This is the largest price . Budget: 30 lacs approx. To do that, weve created this guide that breaks down your 1BHK design cost room-wise while also giving you a complete overview of furniture, labour and essentials cost. The Singapore Divorce Calculator is designed to assist couples to calculate Home Ownership Contribution ratio & Child Maintenance costs. ), Financial costs: 5% of the flats purchase price, stamp dutiesNon-financial costs: 1 year disbarment from flat application, loss of accumulated chances. Heres a look at interior design costs for your 3BHK: *These costs are for reference purposes only; Exact costs may differ according to location, size of home, nature of requirements, material/finishes chosen and scope of work. Cost of Home Apartment India is the list of hidden costs that you have to pay when you buy a private builder flat in India including BSP, EDC, IDC, PLC, EEC, FFEC, IDC, EDC and CPC. The emotional costs of breaking up whilst holding onto a BTO flat are aplenty, but the financial ones can bite you in the back too. A uniquely Singaporean rite of passage is cementing your commitment to your significant other by taking on what is probably the biggest joint project of your lives. The approval cost may range from Rs 50,000 to Rs 2 lakhs. HPS is a mortgage-reducing insurance scheme by the CPF Board. Exact costs might differ based on location, scope of work and size of home. ft. approx. However, you may end up overspending if you dont carefullyplan and budget properly. Budget: 6 lacs approx.Scope: Full home design with civil changesSize: 850 sq. If youre designing a new home or planning a renovation, understanding the costs of a 3BHK is crucial. Hire a carpenter if you want wooden work in your home. Scope: Full home designSize: 620 sq. Cost of Breaking Up You can choose between tiles, granite and marble for flooring-whichever suits your budget. Youll need to pay an application fee of S$10 at this stage, which is strictly non-refundable. To illustrate, a couple who is a first-timer applicant can get up to $80,000 in EHG grants, depending on their combined average monthly income. 1000 per sq ft 1):- Chennai construction cost using Contractors (Materials+Labours outsourced) 2):- Residential construction cost based on quality - construction cost using Contractors (Material + Labour outsourced) 3):- Construction cost (If we buy material and only labour outsourced) The first method is on the lump sum basis, where the labour charges are around 35% to 40% of the material cost. Once the initial costing is derived, if there is any difference from the budget set by the homeowner, components of interior design can be added or reduced. A Luxurious Home at Prestige Royal Gardens Fit for a Young Couple. ft. price range. Ltd. is a licensed and authorised broker regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS). Also, for buyers availing home loans, they have to keep in mind loan processing charges. ft. approx. Buying a property involves various costs. Now that you know the components that go into calculating your total 2BHK interior design cost, here is a cost estimate for a 600 sq. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. If you have been invited to select a unit, but decide not to go ahead with your BTO application, your financial costs are limited to just the S$10 registration fee. Heres how to go about it: Once you have finalised your budget, you should reach out to your architect. Also Read: What Is the Cost of Interior Design for an Average 3BHK Apartment? A post shared by SingSaver (@singsaver_sg). Know average cost of house construction in India and how to minimise it without compromising on quality, How to go ahead with house construction while maintaining the cost, Keeping it Real: Housing.com podcast Episode 23, Keeping it Real: Housing.com podcast Episode 22, Keeping it Real: Housing.com podcast Episode 21, Keeping it Real: Housing.com podcast Episode 20, Keeping it Real: Housing.com podcast Episode 19, Keeping it Real: Housing.com podcast Episode 18, Estimating the cost of house construction. For instance, an undergraduate, lower-division student enrolling in fall 2023 would pay $6,246.49 in tuition for 15 credits which is lower than the fall 2022 cost of $6,466.35. The use of low-cost finishes like laminate and carcass materials like MDF and HDF-HMR keeps the budget low. Prices rose in the Northeast and Midwest but fell in the South and West. There are two types of registration fees: The survey fee is based on your flat type and is subject to GST. As such, if you decide not to exercise your option (i.e., by cancelling your application), you will forfeit the Option fee, which can cost up to S$2,000. Since this 2BHK is quite compact, our designer opted for some smart hacks like multifunctional and wall-mounted furniture. ft will be around Rs.30 lakhs to which add 20 % more towards miscellaneous and unforeseen expenses which will cumulate to Rs.36 lakhs. You can choose to hire different contractors for everything, to keep multiple work going at the same time. Part-time undergraduate students, graduate students and law students will continue to be charged per credit hour. 2.Does wooden work (as wall or roof) extensively done in your flat? Is a designer really necessary for a 1BHK flat design? Budget: 14 lacs approx. But regardless of whether you want a budget home or you want to splurge, at Livspace, we can give you exactly what you need! The bedroom in this 2BHK was quite compact, so our designer kept all the modular furniture towards one side to create more floor space. ft.Budget: 10 15 LakhsScope: Full home design, Location: PuneSize: 3BHK spanning approximately 1,200 sq. The machining cost depends on the type of machine. Also, if you had accumulated any additional ballot chances* stemming from past failed applications, these will be reset to zero. How do Courts Divide the Matrimonial Assets in Divorce? If youre a single occupant settling in a new locality, chances are youre looking for a 1BHK. Housing.com shall not be liable in any manner (whether in law, contract, tort, by negligence, products liability or otherwise) for any losses, injury or damage (whether direct or indirect, special, incidental or consequential) suffered by such person as a result of anyone applying the information (or any other contents) in these articles or making any investment decision on the basis of such information (or any such contents), or otherwise. What is the biggest expense in constructing a new house? Once you have figured out the total cost of construction and finalised the budget, it is time for you to start the actual process. Total amount payable: $2,010.00 (for a 4-room flat). Hourly Billed Recruitment. The Real Cost, a SingSaver Series, uncovers all the unexpected expenses youre incurring. - One-strike against you; two strikes will result in 1-year suspension of first-timer priority, After flat selection but before signing Lease of Agreement, Option Fee (S$500 to S$2,000, depending on flat size), - Disbarred from applying for new flat for 1 year, After signing Lease of Agreement but before key collection, - Return of flat to HDB in return for compensation, plus other miscellaneous expenses, - Disbarred from applying for new flat for a number of years. If you want to design your 1BHK and give your home a new look, book anonline consultationwith Livspace today. Now that you know what affects the 3 BHK interior design cost, take a look at some real 3BHK Livspace homes spanning low, mid and high budgets, to help you get a real picture. It also depends upon the scope of the project. Alternatively, both of you may decide to sell the flat and split the sale proceeds in a certain proportion. Also, the next time you decide to ballot for a flat, whether as a single or with a new love, all additional chances accumulated from previous unsuccessful applications will be reset to zero, so you might find it much harder to get a flat. In 146 Diffe 6 Types of Kitchen Cupboard Shutters That are Durable, How to Design the Perfect Wardrobe to Maximise Space. All views and/or recommendations are those of the concerned author personally and made purely for information purposes. Terms of Delivery: "CFR- E+H , Aurangabad". Additionally, you will need to forfeit any stamp duties paid, which is calculated thusly: Again, if your unit costs S$250,000, the stamp duty will be S$2,500 + S$1,400 = S$3,900 (or the cost of a two-week holiday to soothe your broken heart). ft. Additionally, the family opted for space-saving furniture to ensure optimum space utilisation. Do 3BHK Interior Design Costs Differ In Between Cities? Hes also on an ongoing quest to optimise happiness and enjoyment in his life. Also remember, land will be the major cost component in your total budget. Do Mothers Always Get Custody of the Children? Lets look at the 2BHK flat interior design cost of a few homes that have splurged on some elements of design while saving on others. If you break-up and default on your BTO flat after youve collected the keys but before you satisfy the MOP requirement, you will not be allowed to retain the flat. What Affects the 2BHK Interior Design Cost? However, the construction quality is not always optimum as the builder tends to make maximum profit by cutting down the quality of material used. Based on the HDB Legal Fees Enquiry Calculator, youll need to pay $188.32 (inclusive of GST) for the Conveyancing Fee. ft. approx. When it comes time to collect your keys, you will need to produce a marriage certificate. In general, the overall property costs can be divided into two parts one that is to be paid to the builder while the other is the statutory and legal costs. By Sunita Mishra July 26, 2021 All about home loans for resale flats Those who are planning to purchase a house from the resale market, must be aware of the nitty-gritties involved in the home loan process, as it is different from the procedure followed in case of under-construction properties ft.Budget: 30 35 Lakhs Scope: Full home design, Location: BengaluruSize: 3BHK spanning 2,200 sq. For starters, a 4BHK flat design's average cost in India is between 1,200 to 1,700 per sq. The builder has negotiated the price to Rs.80 Lacs. One of them is maintenance charge which is paid monthly or annually by the apartment owners to the society complex or resident welfare association for upkeep of the common area. For duplex building - 1800 Rs/sqft. Division of Matrimonial Assets in Singapore. Exact costs might differ based on square footage, your unique requirements, location and such other factors. But take note that apart from giving you the best designs for your tastes and budget, an interior designer can also help you save money in the long-run. The cost will depend upon several factors like size of the flat, age of the property, etc. Assuming the propertys price is S$250,000, you will be losing S$12,500. (*Note: To help even the odds, repeated unsuccessful attempts to get a BTO in non-mature estates will grant you additional ballot chances for your next application. Equally divided among the flats: Expenses on repair and maintenance of elevators: Equally divided among the flats: Sinking fund: Minimum of 0.25% per annum of the construction cost of each flat: Non . The amount lost due to a breakup at this stage is a significant sum for many. Constructing a new house versus a new addition in an existing home can both be equally costly, as it depends on the quantum of construction you want. This is more affordable than a full mirror panel, Basic peripheral false ceilings also included in the interior design cost, Renovation without too many structural changes to keep the demolition cost low, Brightly-coloured emulsion paint has been used to create highlights, Wall mouldings and a customised partition in the living room take up a major chunk of the interior design cost, Other inclusions: A centre table in the living room that doubles up as a dining table, modular wardrobes with lofts, The kitchen takes up the major chunk of this 2BHK interior design cost with a high-end acrylic finish with ply carcass for the base cabinets and MDF for the upper cabinets, Maximum storage in the form of cabinets, wicker baskets, open shelves and a tall unit as well as a mandir.