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The next few days were especially trying: provisions were running low, and the men were almost continually wading through water. Japanese officials, striving to achieve rapid modernization of that country in the wake of the Meiji Restoration, were especially intrigued by Clark's work. [40], Clark spent eight months in Sapporo from 1876 to 1877. The gun was the first artillery piece captured by the Union Army during that engagement. Thinking they would have arrived sooner, the men had carried only four days worth of rations; they had gone without food for the last two days of the six-day march. [8], Governor Henry commissioned Clark as a lieutenant colonel in the Virginia militia and authorized him to raise seven militia companies, each to contain fifty men. The importance of the Illinois campaign has been the subject of much debate. deed for forty or fifty thousand acres of land at said place, at the price that Westminster MD: Heritage Books, 1978) describes the origin of . [38] When Clark turned his attention to Vincennes, Father Gibault offered to help. re-enforcement from Kentucky of militia. By the time Hamilton entered Vincennes on December 17, so many Indians had joined the expedition that his force had increased to 500 men. will be seen from his letter to Governor Jefferson, in which he said: "On [44] In fact, Clark himself was taken aback by the apparent scope of his influence on colonial affairs, writing to his wife, "Governor Kuroda consults me constantly and always follows my advice. Col. George Rogers Clark to raise a regiment to fight in the west. [52], Clark and his men marched into Vincennes at sunset on February 23, entering the town in two divisions, one commanded by Clark and the other by Bowman. ( Shnen yo, taishi o idake) have become a nationally known motto in Japan. As an academic, Clark was ill-prepared for a financial career. receiving no advice from either, already meeting with many disappointments in my For the 1996 film, see, 21st Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, President of the Massachusetts Agricultural College, 21st Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Regiment, Appletons' Cyclopdia of American Biography, "Claude Moore Fuess Material for a Biography of Frank Waterman Stearns, Finding Aid", "Hokkaido University Salutes 125 Year Old Campus Bonds with UMass", "International Relations: The Massachusetts Hokkaido Relationship", "Sister State and Sister City Relations Between the U.S. and Northern Japan", "The dedication exercises of the replica bust, Circa 1947", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_S._Clark&oldid=1156296826, "Analyse des Steinmarks aus dem Schsischen Topasfels" (1851), "Professional Education the Present Want of Agriculture" (1868), "The Work and the Wants of the Agricultural College" (1868), "Nature's Mode of Distributing Plants" (1870), "The Relations of Botany to Agriculture" (1872), "The Circulation of Sap in Plants" (1873), "Observations on the Phenomena of Plant-Life" (1874), This page was last edited on 22 May 2023, at 05:43. C. Clark, Richard. He sent to Massachusetts a large assortment of seeds, many of which proved of special value to his own state, on account of the high latitude from which they were selected. it into execution, but it progressed slowly, of necessity. The church was demolished in 1962, but rebuilt in another location and still houses the original "Covenant" as well as several Bibles Clark brought to Sapporo. [40] Clark submitted recommendations to the governor on such diverse subjects as converting migratory fisherman into permanent colonists and establishing a textiles industry. [8] In 1868, Clark was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences[35], In 1876, Clark was invited by the government of Japan to establish the Sapporo Agricultural College, now Hokkaido University. It is located on the former site of Clark's house at the peak of Clark Hill. These lands became the Northwest Territory of the United States. The leaders of the movement included men such as Marshall Wilder, a prosperous Boston merchant and president of the Norfolk Agricultural Society, and Judge Henry Flagg French, who would become the first president of the Massachusetts Agricultural College. [14], William and Harriet Clark had 11 children, only 7 of whom survived to adulthood. Proponents of agricultural education, including Clark, felt that scientific advances were bypassing farmers as a class. [18] Clark was placed in command of the regiment in February 1862 and led it in the Battle of New Bern on March 14, 1862. "The Illinois Regiment - Virginia State ", Philippe-Franois de Rastel de Rocheblave, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, American Revolutionary War Mississippi River theater, "George Rogers Clark at Vincennes: "You May Expect No Mercy", Virginia. 3/4/1907-9/18/1947 Partner National Archives and Records Administration Contributing Institution National Archives at Washington, DC - Textual Reference Collection as though we had no expectation of being assisted either with men or provisions. Some of them later played important roles in the fields of Christianity, education, and international relations during Japan's continuing modernization in the early 20thcentury. Clark's Illinois Regiment, Virginia State Troops. The Illinois Country was a vaguely defined region which included much of the present U.S. states of Indiana and Illinois. Louisville KY) which they fortified, and The fall and winter passed without building the fort, but in posts in the Illinois with so few means and concluded it better to draw them all The company was among the first involved in the Nova Scotia gold rush of that period. country on both sides of each river and might serve as a check to any "Families would be of the greatest service, as they are In October 1779, the Virginia State Assembly enacted legislation to raise a "Western Battalion" of state regular troops to protect her frontier and keep open the supply and communication lines between the state regular and militia forces far to the west in the Ohio Valley (including George Rogers Clark's Illinois Regiment, raised two years earlier). [60] The most damaging development came when one of the subsidiaries, the Stormont Mining Company, sued Clark & Bothwell for funds withheld from Stormont. year, renewed the project, and followed it up, vigorously, until consummated. 337-346 call so loud for it, that I think, sir, that you might even venture to give a Colonel Clark warmly approved the building of the fort near the mouth of the Ohio, and did what he could to carry it into execution, but it progressed slowly, of necessity. 3/4/1907-9/18/1947. number of persons that you can get to become settlers at said post, the whole to only to build and garrison a fort, but to induce families to settle there by [32] Clark's men captured a boatload of American hunters led by John Duff who had recently been at Kaskaskia; they provided Clark with intelligence about the village and agreed to join the expedition as guides. "Reproduced from the 1833 Virginia House of Delegates Journal" by John H Smith, 1962 Transcribed by Kim Torp Items in parantheses are included in the original list. Reel 1086 - American Revolutionary War Service Records; Soldiers--United States--Registers - Virginia, Clark's Illinois Regiment, Virginia State Troops. [28] Clark criticized those who left New England, writing, "Will a wise man exchange the beautiful and diversified scenery of New England Will he forsake the school and churches and the social privileges of prosperous communities for the semi-barbarous condition of newly and sparsely settled districts? In 1877, 31 students of SAC converted to Christianity, signing a document drafted by Clark titled, "The Covenant of Believers in Jesus." The next day, Clark and his men crossed the Wabash by canoe, leaving their packhorses behind. He was a presidential elector in 1864, and a representative to the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 18641865 and 1867. On July 14, Gibault and a few companions set out on horseback for Vincennes. [57], In managing these mines, Clark took an active role as President. Clark decided that he needed to launch a surprise winter attack on Vincennes before Hamilton could recapture the Illinois country in the spring. Despite the commotion, Hamilton did not realize the fort was under attack until one of his men was wounded by a bullet coming through a window. In April 1777, Clark sent two spies into the Illinois country. At Fort Gage, the Virginians captured Rocheblave, who was sleeping in his bed when the Americans burst into the lightly guarded fort. "The troops being entitled to a discharge in a few weeks, Some of the major contributors, such as Father Gibault, Franois Riday Busseron, Charles Gratiot, and Francis Vigo, would never receive payment during their lifetime, and would be reduced to poverty. of. [7][8], Later that year, Clark returned to Amherst and accepted a professorship in analytical and applied chemistry at Amherst College. with their store of provisions be able to victual great part of our troops in our situation than we have of theirs, which you know they could not deprive us US Revolutionary War. The memorial was designed by landscape architect Todd A. "[67], Clark's missionary activities produced the Sapporo Independent Christian Church in 1882, founded by students of SAC. [53] Funds were procured and Clark was named President of the Faculty. Williams responded by firing his weapon before seizing one of the Canadien leaders, which led the rest of the party to flee in panic; Williams' men opened fire, killing two, wounding three and capturing eight. ILLINOIS REGIMENT AND . In February 1779, Clark returned to Vincennes in a surprise winter expedition and retook the town, capturing Hamilton in the process. The Adjutant General's Office. Falls of the Ohio where they were discharged. "[33], By the end of his presidency of MAC, Clark was falling under increasing criticism from the press and politicians in Boston. The subsequent scandal ruined Clark's health. "[45] While Clark and his men marched across country, 40 men left in an armed row-galley, which was to be stationed on the Wabash River below Vincennes to prevent the British from escaping by water. [21] In the confusion of the battle, fought in thick woods during a thunderstorm, Clark became separated from his regiment and wandered the Virginia countryside for four days before finding the army again. to maintain our ground, and support our interest among the savages in that While men fired at the fort throughout the night, small squads crept up to within 30 yards (27m) of the walls to get a closer shot. "[29] Further, Clark warned that if the decay of rural Massachusetts continued, farming would soon be considered, "degrading in its nature, and designed only for those poor, stupid, ignorant, or unfortunate persons. View Jacob Deckard's memorial on Fold3. While he was missing, he was incorrectly listed as killed in action and an Amherst newspaper printed his obituary under the headline, "Another Hero Gone. The plan was approved by the members of the Virginia General Assembly, who were only given vague details about the expedition. [37], Clark signed his contract with the Japanese government on March 3, 1876, in Washington, DC. "[69] In recognition of this fact, and of Clark's role in establishing the two colleges, the University of Massachusetts Amherst and the University of Hokkaido became sister universities in 1976. [31], On June 28, the Illinois Regiment reached the mouth of the Tennessee River, where they landed on an island and prepared for the final stage of the journey. ", Smith, Dwight L. "The Old Northwest and the Peace Negotiations" in, This page was last edited on 19 March 2023, at 08:11. [67] In 1940, historian Randolph Downes wrote, "It is misleading to say that Clark 'conquered' the Old Northwest, or that he 'captured' Kaskaskia, Cahokia, and Vincennes. Perhaps we may be fortunate. The same rhetoric of ambition and personal elevation he had employed at MAC resonated more deeply with his Japanese students and, further, with a Japanese nation just emerging from a rigid feudal caste system. You are to rendezvous at this Spirits were low: they had been without food for last two days, and Clark struggled to keep men from deserting. "[41] In establishing SAC, Clark introduced the first American model farm and barn in Japan and the first college military unit in the country. He wrote to Governor Henry: I know the case is desperate; but, sir, we must either quit the country or attack Mr. Hamilton. [15] One of their sons, Hubert Lyman Clark, became a prominent zoologist. than suffer it, for they, the English, can not execute any matter of very great "Conquest of the Country Northwest of Discover and add pictures, bio information and documents about the life of Jacob Deckard. confluence of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers. and, "Boys, be ambitious for Christ! Excellency is very anxious for, the reason I imagine we are both acquainted The townsfolk promptly renounced their allegiance to the United States and renewed their oaths to King George. No time is to be lost. (older brother of William Clark of the Lewis and Clark Expedition), an officer of the army of Virginia that captured the Northwest Territory from . And finally in 1784, the Regiment was disbanded. Having been informed by his Kickapoo allies of the party's movements, Clark ordered a detachment of soldiers under the command of Captain John Williams to capture them. Student and faculty exchanges were informal for many years until, according to journalist Daniel Fitzgibbons, the early 1960s when "the U.S. State Department contracted with the University to help strengthen the agricultural curriculum at Hokkaido. In 1777, George Rogers Clark was a 25-year-old major in the Kentucky County, Virginia, militia. justly put us upon our guard.". He set up a base camp on a small island in the midst of the rapids, later known as Corn Island. Clark's Illinois Regiment, Virginia State Troops. [30] Clark's force numbered about 175 men, organized in four companies under Captains Bowman, Helm, Harrod, and Montgomery. Who knows what fortune will do for us? Conflict Period. Clark's Illinois Regiment, Virginia State Troops Record Type:Individual Full Name:Clark, Richard Conflict Period:US Revolutionary War Branch:US Army Served for:United States of America. specifically cited, information contained is conjecture and should not would remain at the place, when joined, would be considerable. Auditor of Public Accounts (17761928). He died of heart disease at his home in Amherst in 1886. be under pay as militia as long as necessary. [46], Clark led his men across what is now the state of Illinois, a journey of about 180 miles (290km). I know your concern to be equal to [48] In doing so, Clark introduced (Protestant) Christian principles to the first entering class of the college. Virginia's Soldiers in the Revolution (Continued), The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. The establishment of a strong fort near the mouth of the Ohio Jefferson northwardly, towards the lakes. [58], The first sign of serious trouble for the company came in March 1882 when the Starr-Grove mine shut down due to lack of profit and increasing debt. 3/4/1907-9/18/1947. This memorial is listed in this topic list: War, US Revolutionary. [69][70], In 1969, Professor John H. Foster of the Center for International Agricultural Studies designated the collaboration between the institutions as "the oldest technical assistance relationship between a U.S. university and a foreign university. The newly augmented regiment set up camp on Corn Island (vic. But in December, British Lieutenant Governor Henry Hamilton took Vincennes [68], In the United States, Clark's primary legacy is one of ongoing cooperation between the two colleges he founded, now the University of Massachusetts Amherst and the Hokkaido University. John Martin's company of Brigadier General George Rogers Clark's Illinois Regiment of Virginia State Troops. Virginia capitalized on Clark's success by establishing the region as Illinois County, Virginia. [6] Clark presented his plan to Governor Henry on December 10, 1777. The report of Clark lamented that farmers in Massachusetts had little access to higher education and that, consequently, the profession was degenerating economically and intellectually. Sheehan, "Famous Hair Buyer General", 2021; James, For an overview of the arguments in different eras, see Smith, "Peace Negotiations" and James, "Gift or Conquest? Although focused on the American West, the company had far-reaching interests spreading from Mexico to Nova Scotia. [2], When the American Revolutionary War began, in 1775, the Ohio River marked the border between the Illinois Country and Kentucky, an area recently settled by American colonists. the River Ohio and the Life of Gen. George Rogers Clark," The University of The Illinois campaign was funded in large part by local residents and merchants of the Illinois country. [12] Clark commissioned Captain William Bailey Smith as a major,[13] and gave him 150 to recruit four companies in the Holston River valley and then meet Clark in Kentucky. In a secret set of instructions from Governor Henry, Clark was instructed to capture Kaskaskia and then proceed as he saw fit. The party, which escorted two captive Canadien deserters in tow, had been ordered by Hamilton to patrol the nearby area. amendment as you might think more advantageous. The Memoir, as it usually known, was not published in Clark's lifetime; although used by historians in the 19th century, it was not published in its entirety until 1896, in William Hayden English's Conquest of the Northwest. Thomas Jefferson and helped repel an invasion by Benedict Arnold. Despite these obstacles, Clark's success in organizing an innovative academic institution earned him international attention. At 10:00a.m. on February 25, Hamilton's garrison of 79 men marched out of the fort. After the war he removed to Kentucky, settling in Green County, from there he came to Randolph County, Illinois, locating where the city of Chester now is, he resided on a farm now known as the Porter farm. Etched on the base of the statue are Clark's famous words, "Boys, Be Ambitious." Clark sent the man ahead with a letter to the inhabitants of Vincennes, warning them that he was just about to arrive with an army, and that everyone should stay in their homes unless they wanted to be considered an enemy. Stearns, the son of prominent trader and department store owner R.H. Clark wrote a letter to Governor Patrick Henry of Virginia in which he outlined a plan to capture Kaskaskia. [2] In 1876, the Japanese government hired Clark as a foreign advisor to establish the Sapporo Agricultural College (SAC), now Hokkaido University. "[3], In 1777, George Rogers Clark was a 25-year-old major in the Kentucky County, Virginia, militia. officers may, perhaps, soon alter our apparent circumstances, but, as yet, country: "By the account from every post in the Illinois so nearly Before the enterprise could get underway, Woodruff's sudden death caused the abandonment of the scheme. Chicago citation style War Department. The 1st and 2d Virginia Regiments were reconstituted; the 3d through 6th Virginia Regiments were raised as Continental regiments; and the 7th through 9th Virginia Regiments were raised as state troops. [64] The Illinois campaign was also depicted in Long Knife, a 1979 historical novel by James Alexander Thom. appears on a List of the claimants of the Illinois Regt (Revolutionary War) not dated - W. Ripley, Copyist 2) Clark's Illinois Regiment, Va. State Troops: Robert George, Capt. expectations, much to the disadvantage of the department, a few weeks' corresponding, I make no doubt of the English regaining the interest of many In 1838, Harriet and her brother Lyman were sent from Hawaii to be taken in by industrialist Samuel Williston so that they could be schooled at Williston Seminary in Easthampton. Clark ordered the five Indians to be murdered before the fort to terrify the British and sow dissension between them and their Indian allies. "[39] Because of this, in Japan, Clark has been referred to as "assistant director" or sometimes "vice-president" of SAC. "[45], Clark not only had a significant impact on colonial development, but also had a powerful personal effect on the first students of SAC. If we fail, the Illinois as well as Kentucky, I believe, is lost. Given from under my hand.". They arrived outside Kaskaskia on the night of July 4. [38] Due to inconsistencies in translation, discrepancies exist to this day as to what Clark's official title was. Thomas Jefferson, who succeeded Henry as governor on the 1st of June of that - Capt. proposed, without we fall upon some method to draw off a considerable Samuel Humphrey is a DAR Patriot Ancestor, A059955. I Fold3, Revolutionary War Service Records (: accessed June 17, 2023), database and images, . Great things have been effected by a few men well conducted. mine; if you concur with me in sentiment, let me know immediately, or such Clark wrote to his wife, "I am actually rebuilding MAC on the other side of the earth. Later Cahokia (now IL) and Vincennes (now IN) were captured. Clark dispatched Captain Helm to Vincennes to take command of the Canadien militia. "I should be against suffering families to settle [14], For a variety of reasons, Clark was unable to raise all 350 men authorized for the Illinois Regiment. [64] His influences on the agricultural and economic development of Hokkaido were significant, but it is primarily his cultural message that still resonates today. Served For. Clark County is a county located in the southeastern part of U.S. state of Illinois, along the Indiana state . Clark's Illinois Regiment, Virginia State Troops; Pay up to last of Dec, 1781 (45-14-8); Photostat copy no. History of Crawford and Clark Counties, Illinois Chicago, Illinois. was [21] They reached Fort Randolph (Point Pleasant, West Virginia) soon after it had been attacked by an Indian war party. Buchaanan, William - Virginia - Clark's Illinois Regiment, Virginia State Troops Image View Full Item Creator War Department. Revolutionary soldiers in Kentucky : containing a roll of the officers of Virginia line who received land bounties; a roll of the Revolutionary pensioners in Kentucky; a list of the Illinois regiment who served under George Rogers Clark in the Northwest campaign, also a roster of the Virginia Navy : Quisenberry, Anderson Chenault, 1850-1921 : Fr. John, Lether? except those that have re-enlisted when joined by Captain Rogers when armed will by the virtue of the power and authority to me given, authorize you to raise any encouraging the families, but I am sensible nothing but land will do it. three companies departed by boat down the Monongahela River for the Ohio. In April 1777, Clark sent two spies into the Illinois country. "[60] In the coming years of the war, Clark attempted to organize a campaign against Detroit, but each time the expedition was called off because of insufficient men and supplies. C. Clark, William. Indians (and would be) the greatest barrier to the inhabitants of the Illinois During his eight months in Sapporo, Clark successfully organized SAC, had a significant impact on the scientific and economic development of the island of Hokkaido, and made a lasting imprint on Japanese culture. headquarters at Old Redstone Fort (vic. "Our only chance at present to save that country is by [24] On the island, Clark revealed that the real purpose of the expedition was to invade the Illinois country. . "[35], They crossed the Kaskaskia River about midnight and quickly secured the city without firing a shot. Clark believed that he could end the raids on Kentucky by capturing the British posts in the Illinois Country and then moving against Detroit. maintaining our authority in the Illinois, which is this; by immediately Lieutenant James Robertson served with Clark's Illinois Regiment, Virginia State Troops during the American Revolution. From this point, the regiment the said post is so necessary, and as it can not be complete without the Clark's men raised the American flag over the fort and renamed it Fort Patrick Henry. By the end of 1881 the company, with Clark as President, was involved in seven silver mines, predominantly in Utah and California. Martin, etc., Commander of Militia Headquarters Falls of Ohio: "By George our numbers, as such intelligence is always aggravated by the Indians; and I tribes of Indians, and their designs against the Illinois, perhaps on Governor [50][51], During his stay in Hokkaido, Clark examined the local flora and introduced new species of plants and trees from Japan to the United States. 3/4/1907-9/18/1947. the effects of which among the savages you well know. which by the time it reached our enemies would be augmented, perhaps, to treble In January 1862, the regiment was attached to the Coast Division commanded by Major General Ambrose Burnside and embarked with the division for operations in North Carolina. [19] Clark expected to rendezvous with 200 Holston men under Captain Smith at the Falls of the Ohio in Kentucky. [49] They, in turn, influenced the students in the second class who enrolled after Clark's departure. [56] The first mine in which the company became invested was the Starr-Grove silver mine, just south of present-day Battle Mountain, Nevada. Hamilton's plan, and without some speedy check may prove fatal to Kentucky and [46] During classroom lectures, informal evening talks, and outings to collect botanical specimens, Clark discussed morality and urged his students to, "Be gentlemen. (1744-1822) Company in the 8th Virginia Regiment; the articles of capitulation of Fort Sackville at Vincennes (Indiana) by the British; a notice permitting . The Satemo Mining Company of Tangier, Nova Scotia (named by Clark after a Japanese word which, according to his translation, meant "all right") became a subsidiary of Clark & Bothwell in the summer of 1881.