[22], At the first half of the 18th century the northern wall and two towers of the Kaunas Castle collapsed due to damage by river water, which led to abandonment of the castle and it turned into ruins. The "Margasmilt" company currently has been working on a project that concerns exploitation of Pagiriai anhydrite deposit. Poussier). It was reorganized into a college in 1653. It was the first coordinated LithuanianGerman action. Kaunas ( a; Lithuanian: [kns] ( listen); previously known in English as Kovno, also see other names) is the second-largest city in Lithuania after Vilnius and an important centre of Lithuanian economic, academic, and cultural life. 1897 . XIII. Kaunas is home to some historic venues such as: the main stadium of the cityDarius and Girnas Stadium (total capacity after renovation 15,315), which is also the home stadium for soccer clubs from Kaunas and the Lithuanian national football team established in 1923, and Kaunas Sports Hall, completed in 1939 for the Third European Basketball Championship. In the near future, the water area of the Nemunas Island in Kaunas, Lithuania will receive a makeover which is expected to facilitate its touristic allurement. [28] It was one of the largest and most important military victory of the Teutonic Knights in the 14th century against the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. [35][34] Grand Duke Vytautas the Great funded Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Kaunas (construction was completed in 1400) to show his gratitude to Virgin Mary for saving him from almost drowning in the river during the Battle of the Vorskla River in 1399. The government's powers were taken over by the new occupants. Kaunas is located at the confluence of the two largest Lithuanian rivers, the Nemunas and the Neris, and is near the Kaunas Reservoir, the largest body of water in the whole of Lithuania. aliakalnis Funicular works from Monday to Friday from 8am to 5pm.[199]. [103] From the very start of the Lithuanian partisans war, the most important partisan districts were based around Kaunas. It is the largest and most modern bus station in Lithuania. The oldest part of Kaunas was connected with aliakalnis neighbourhood in 1889. [92], Jews began settling in Kaunas in the second half of the 17th century. Objective 3.2. [216], Kaunas is best known for the Kaunas Jazz Festival, International Operetta Festival, Photo Art Festival "Kaunas photo" or Paaislis Music Festival, which usually run from early June until late August each year. !/dl2/d1/L2dJQSEvUUt3QS9ZQnB3LzZfRzgzT0VGSDIwMEw3QTAyNTVKU05CTzFSVjQ!/, "Kaunas city public transport. Kaunas. lovs savait: kaip lietuviai laimjo hibridin kar prie Kremli Lietuvos urnalist draugija", "1941 met Jonins. [61] However, on 7 October 1939, the Lithuanian delegation departed to Moscow, where it later had to sign the SovietLithuanian Mutual Assistance Treaty because of the unfavorable situation. [189] Previous paper monthly tickets were in use until August 2009. [135], Forms of classicist architecture are typical in the Auktoji Freda Manor (early 19th century), post station building complex (early 19th century; architect J. It also specialises in development of new telemetry, data base creation, mobile payment projects. Lithuanian police battalions formed by the Provisional Government were eventually enlisted by the Nazis to help carry out the Holocaust. The Lithuanian Armed Forces were ordered not to resist, and the Lithuanian Air Force remained on the ground. What is the phone number of Kaunas City Municipality? [26] Kaunas was first mentioned in written sources in 1361 and at the end of the 13th century the brick Kaunas Castle was constructed to defend the residents from attacks of the Teutonic Order. The rectangular old town at the confluence of the Nemunas and the Neris rivers is rich in valuable buildings and their complexes. : 8 800 20 000, +370 37 424263. Blazon: Gules, an aurochs passant guardant argent ensigned with a cross Or between his horns. It is known as the Via Baltica between Warsaw and Tallinn, a distance of 670km (416mi). [70][71] At the time, the Lithuanian Armed Forces had 26,084 soldiers (of which 1,728 officers) and 2,031 civil servants. ", "Lithuania and the Soviet Union 19391940: the Fateful Year", "imtmeio belaukiant: Reikmingiausi Pirmosios Lietuvos Respublikos (19181940 m.) vykiai", "Kaip raudonarmieiai eng Lietuv: apverktinai atrod kariai ir lygiame kelyje ged tankai", Science and Encyclopaedia Publishing Institute, "Lietuvos kariuomens naikinimas (1940 m. birelio 15 d.1941 m.)", "Lemtingi metai generolo Ratikio dienoraiuose", "Lietuvos okupacija (1940 m. birelio 15 d.)", "Kuo reikmingas 1941 m. birelio 2228 d. City Municipality in Kaunas County. The most developed industries in Kaunas are amongst the food and beverage industries, textile and light industries, chemical industry, publishing and processing, pharmaceuticals, metal industry, wood processing and furniture industry. [109] They were defended by the citizenry of Kaunas. Such a form, although not having anything against individuals, is unacceptable to the Germans. [40], By the 16th century, Kaunas also had a public school and a hospital and was one of the best-formed towns in the whole country. sukilimas? sav.) [44], After the unsuccessful January Uprising in 1863 against the Russian Empire, the tsarist authority moved the Catholic Seminary of Varniai, prominent bishop Motiejus Valanius and Samogitian diocese institutions to Kaunas, where they were given the former Bernardine Monastery Palace and St. George the Martyr Church. Between the 4th and 5th century BC at the confluence of the two largest Lithuanian rivers, the settlement was established. [110] Pope John Paul II said Holy Mass for the faithful of the Archdiocese of Kaunas at the Kaunas Cathedral Basilica and held a meeting with the young people of Lithuania at the S. Darius and S. Girnas Stadium, during his visit to Lithuania in 1993. Vacation rentals in Kaunas Top-rated vacation rentals in Kaunas Guests agree: these stays are highly rated for location, cleanliness, and more. An earlier Russian name was Kovno, although Kaunas has been used since 1940. Today, with almost 94% of its citizens being ethnic Lithuanians, Kaunas is one of the most Lithuanian cities in the country. Prominent features of the Old Town include Kaunas Castle, the Town Hall, and the historical Presidential Palace. 25 April 2010, 20:52:26 Source https://www.flickr.com/photos/azmaeve/4557397902/ Author Christophe Goessen Licensing[edit] This file is licensed under the Creative CommonsAttribution 2.0 Genericlicense. The aurochs was the original heraldic symbol of the city, established in 1400. Despite its northern location, the climate in Kaunas is relatively mild compared to other locations at similar latitudes, mainly because of the Baltic Sea. Municipality Atnaujinta: 2021-01-14 (Thursday) Kaunas City Municipality. The seat of the municipality is the city of Kaunas, which does not belong to the municipality but is a separate administrative unit. Perfect location to explore Kaunas Old Town, the most popular objects are . [citation needed] The construction of a new landmark of Kaunasthe algiris Arenabegan in the autumn of 2008. Before Lithuania regained independence, the city was generally known in English as Kovno, the traditional Slavicized form of its name. On 23 September 2018, Pope Francis visited Kaunas' Santakos Park as part of a tour of the Baltic states. The company still exists and have its boats in working condition. Furthermore, in the beginning of the occupation, the prime minister of the Provisional Government of Lithuania, Juozas Ambrazeviius, convened the meeting in which the ministers participated together with the former President Kazys Grinius, Bishop Vincentas Brizgys and others. [152], Kaunas is a large center of industry, trade, and services in Lithuania. In 2011, the largest indoor arena in the Baltic states was built and was named algiris Arena. The loan will be used to finance the company's investment program over the coming 5 years. Laurinaitien.[135]. . The only professional circus organisation in Lithuania, the Baltic Circus, was founded in Kaunas in 1995. . Kaunas. The city's name is of Lithuanian origin and most likely derives from a personal name. Methods 3.4. It is also the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kaunas. Kalnieiai, completed in 1985), public buildings (e.g. [67] On that night before officially accepting the ultimatum, the Soviet forces executed the Lithuanian border guard Aleksandras Barauskas[lt] near the Byelorussian SSR border. [22] The bubonic plague struck the area in 1657 and 1708, killing many residents. [184] The smaller S. Darius and S. Girnas Airport, established in 1915, is located about three kilometres (1.9mi) south of the city centre. A hill fort mound in Kaunas is named Napoleon's Hill. A Model of Lituanica in Kaunas.JPG. The bodies of Lithuanians who died in Siberian exile were brought back to their homeland for reburial, and the anniversaries of deportations as well as the important dates in Lithuanian history began to be noted with speeches and demonstrations. The Polish name is Kowno [kvn]; the Belarusian name is Ko, Kona [kuna]. Possible subjects for the discussion 4.2. [69] Stasys Ratikis, persuaded by his wife, secretly crossed the German border. [52], During the interwar period, Kaunas was nicknamed the Little Paris because of its rich cultural and academic life, fashion, Art Deco architecture, Lithuanian National Romanticism architectural style buildings as well as popular furniture, interior design of the time and widespread caf culture. Later, after the capital, Vilnius, had been annexed by the Second Polish Republic, Kaunas became the temporary capital of Lithuania. [57] In May 1919, the Lithuanian Aircraft State Factory was founded in Freda to repair and to supply the army with military aircraft. [22] Kaunas, along with Vilnius, became the scene of nearly constant demonstrations as the Lithuanians, embarked on a process of self-discovery. After the services, 200,000 persons gathered in the centre of Kaunas to participate in the dedication of a new monument to freedom to replace the monument that had been torn down by the Soviet authorities after World War II.[108]. Kaunas[http://www.kaunas.lt/] is the second biggest city in the center of Lithuania and is referred to by many as the Pearl of the Baltics. Kaunas had a rich and varied Jewish culture. ", "Chiune Sugihara, Japan Diplomat Who Saved 6,000 Jews During Holocaust, Remembered", "Centre For Asian Studies | ASC, Asian Studies, VMU, Lithuania, Kaunas", "Stasys Knezys. [116], On 28 September 2017, the winner of the M. K. iurlionis Concert Centre architectural competition was announced and the centre was planned to be completed by 2022, close to the Vytautas the Great Bridge.[117]. Ethnic composition in 2011, out of a total of 315,933:[177], Ethnic composition As of the last census in 2021, out of a total population of 298,753:[178], Kaunas city municipality council is the governing body of the Kaunas city municipality and is responsible for municipality laws. [32], The Lithuanians constructed new wooden castle on the island of Virgal, which once at the confluence of the Nemunas and Nevio rivers, however the castle was burned down in 1363 by the Crusaders. 96, Kaunas 44251, Lithuania. At the time, qualified workers there were earning very similar real wages to workers in Germany, Italy, Switzerland and France, the country also had a high natural increase in population of 9.7 and the industrial production of Lithuania increased by 160% from 1913 to 1940. City Atnaujinta: 2021-01-18 (Monday) HISTORY The current site of Kaunas City and the old town at the confluence of the Nemunas and Neris rivers has long had inhabitants. New residential areas were built (e.g. The Town Hall is still a center of culture today, it holds weddings and is the home of the Museum of Ceramics.[129]. The Kaunas City Municipality, which has financed the management of individual multi-apartment areas until now, is improving the strategy and adjusting the priorities of the "Dream Yard" program. lovs savait: kaip lietuviai laimjo hibridin kar prie Kremli", "1941 m. sukilimas ir nepriklausomybs viltys", "The History of Lithuania's National Anthem", "Kodl J. Brazaiio perlaidojimo ceremonija sukl tiek aistr? It covers about 63 hectares and is the largest urban stand of mature oaks in Europe. [59] Jews made up much of the city's commercial, artisan, and professional sectors. 1920), LFLS Kaunas baseball club (est. .-: 19031905, names of Kaunas elderates in other languages, Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, third and final partition of the PolishLithuanian state, SovietLithuanian Mutual Assistance Treaty, Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940), German occupation of Lithuania during World War II, Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1944), Chronicle of the Catholic Church in Lithuania, Kaunas Cultural Centre of Various Nations, Museum of the History of Lithuanian Medicine and Pharmacy, Povilas Stulga Museum of Lithuanian Folk Instruments, St. George's Church and the Bernardine Monastery, Church of the Holy Trinity and the Bernardine monastery, Vytautas Magnus University Botanical Garden, signatories of the 1918 Act of Independence, Association of Local Authorities in Lithuania, fourth-busiest airport in the Baltic states, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Clinics, Mykolas Romeris University Faculty of Public Security, Martynas Mavydas National Library of Lithuania, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, List of twin towns and sister cities in Lithuania, A popular song with the words "Kaunas a heart of Lithuania" in the chorus is well known in Lithuania, various well-known Lithuanians, e.g. [88] Two days later Lithuanian guards and patrols were also relieved of their duties. In 2016, it handled 740,448 passengers (in addition to 2,488 tons of cargo), down from the peak of 872,618 passengers in 2011. [195] The first new trolleybuses koda 26Tr Solaris were publicly introduced on 30 September 2019. [146] uolynas (literally, "Oak Grove") park is a main public park in the heart of Kaunas. [135], One of the most famous monuments of Baroque architecture is the ensemble of Paaislis Church and Monastery (started in 1667, architects G. Frediani, C. Puttini, P. Currently, Kaunas is often referred to as a city of students; there are about 50,000 students enrolled in its universities. Belong anywhere with Airbnb. The main reason to visit is its charming Old Town, connected to the 19th century New Town ranged along Laisvs alja. You are free: to share- to copy, distribute and transmit the work to remix- to adapt the work Under the following conditions: The city increased once more when it was connected by bridges with Aleksotas and Vilijampol districts in the 1920s.[2]. Some trains run from Vilnius to etokai, and, Poland, through Kaunas. Contents: Population. [22] Although guerrilla warfare ended by 1953, Lithuanian opposition to Soviet rule did not. The museums in Kaunas include: Kaunas is notable for the diverse culture life. The seat of the municipality is the city of Kaunas, which does not belong to the municipality but is a separate administrative unit. Peugeot, Toyota, Lexus, Honda car showrooms), A. Kanas (e.g. You can try to dialing this number: +370 37 422608 - or find more information on their website: www.kaunas.lt The current Provisional Government should be transformed into a National Committee or Council under the German military authority. [198] After reaching the E-ticket card's monthly fee (28 Eur), the remaining trips are free of charge until the end of the month. Contact Information: Address: Laisvs al. [63] Two of the military bases with thousands of Soviet soldiers were established close to Kaunas in Prienai and Gaiinai. ..150. [104] It was established as the Central Library of Lithuania in 1919. In this period, the company plans to invest in the implementation of innovative heat and cooling production facilities using renewable energy sources, digitisation of processes, as well as . [190] In a country where basketball is the most popular sport, the city of 295 000 inhabitants started voluntary health promotion policies in the 1990s, increasingly focusing on offering active possibilities to its residents. Find unique places to stay with local hosts in 191 countries. Media in category "Kaunas City Municipality main building" The following 7 files are in this category, out of 7 total. News The anniversary of the city twinning between Kaunas and Toru was celebrated in Poland, marking five years of fellowship The cooperation agreement with the Polish city of Torun was signed in the Kaunas Town Hall five years ago. A 16th century legend claims, that Kaunas was established by the Romans in ancient times. Raseiniai District Municipality Coordinates: 552349N 230940E Raseiniai District Municipality is one of 60 municipalities in Lithuania . During it, the ultimatum presented by the Soviet Union was debated. the Garrison Church)", "Official results of the 1923 census in Lithuania", "2007 m. Europos yd kultros dienos atgarsiai", "2011 Census Lithuanian Government Department of Statistics", "2021 Census Lithuanian Government Department of Statistics", http://www.litrail.lt/wps/portal/!ut/p/c1/pZDBDoIwDIafhQcw7TY3uI4EBUJGwpwiF8KBmCUCHozPL-jJA-Vge2q-fG3-QgNzj93L37qnn8buDjU0qj1GokwOKUcsQo1cytyauGRxijO_rnOnCLvKN2zDKDthpF1Z_sdtEYuN3JflU6rFldL45dRnCC5OjPYNzT_pqf1Lvh9eRplCXsiz1ft5DBWYdBp6sP0Ij8E5V6PPfLbTOgjeA3OhEw! I-V 8-17 E-mail: [email protected] Mayor's office City Council Heads of Municipal Administration City development strategy 2022 Structure International Kaunas Municipal history Control of Vilnius and most of the rest of Lithuanian territory was also shortly taken over by the rebels. Kaunas is the second-largest city in Lithuania, with a population of some 288,000 people. General description of the 6thfort of Kaunas 3. It surrounds the Kaunas City Municipality from the north, west and south, while in the east Kaunas district municipality borders Kaiiadorys District Municipality. [54] The population of Kaunas increased 8,6 times during the interwar period from ~18,000 to ~154,000 residents. Already in July, in a conversation the Tilsit Nazi Gestapo agent Heinz Grfe[de] clearly stated to Stasys Ratikis that the Provisional Government was formed without German knowledge. A yacht club operates in the Kaunas Reservoir Regional Park. Kaunas is also home to R&D department of Dassault Systemes producing world-leading modeling tools software CATIA. [97][98], Following Hitler's invasion of the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941, Soviet forces fled from Kaunas. Situation of the Catholic Church in Lithuania in Soviet times", "From a Journalist's Notebook: Vilnius, January13,1991", "Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania. [202], In July 1938 Kaunas, together with Klaipda (where sailing and rowing competitions were held), hosted the Lithuanian National Olympiad that gathered the Lithuanian athletes from all around the world. Rental unit in Kaunas Cozy SELF-CHECKIN city centre apartment It is a loft type studio apartment located in the centre of the city. A suburban region in the vicinity is named "Palemonas". iurlionio koncert centro vaizdas: architektrin konkurs laimjo vilnieiai", "Central square redevelopment in Lithuania's Kaunas wins prestigious iF Design award", "Baltic University Programme Urban Forum City Status Report V", "Portrait of the Regions of Lithuania; Kazl Rda Municipality", "World Weather Information Service Kaunas", National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, "Mto Climat stats for Kaunas 19912020", Underground Printing-House "ab" The Branch Museum of Vytautas the Great War Museum, "Modernusis Kaunas: optimizmo architektra, 19191939", "Faculty of Medicine at Vytautas Magnus University", "Vytautas the Great War Museum and M. K. iurlionis National Art Museum", "Military Research Laboratory for the Lithuanian Ministry of National Defense", "UNESCO Pasaulio paveldo centrui pateikta paraika dl Kauno modernizmo architektros", "Pramonins statybos projektavimo instituto rmai ("Pramprojektas")", "House for Political Education (now Vytautas Magnus University)", "Aplinkos apsauga. Name Status Population Census 2001-04-06 Population Census 2011-04-05 Population Census 2021-01-01; Kaunas: City Municipality: 378,943: 315,993: 298,753: algiris Arena, 2001), G. JanulytBernotien (e.g. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. One of the main first settlements that grew up to become the present day Kaunas old town, was first mentioned by the chroniclers in 1361. [22] During the French invasion of Russia in 1812, the Grand Army of Napoleon passed through Kaunas twice, devastating the city both times. Ministers expressed distress at the atrocities being committed against the Jews but advised only that "despite all the measures which must be taken against the Jews for their Communist activity and harm done to the German Army, partisans and individuals should avoid public executions of Jews". Kaunas is the second-largest city in Lithuania and an important centre of Lithuanian economic, academic, cultural and sport life. The continuous oppression of the Catholic Church and its resistance caused the appearance of the Chronicle of the Catholic Church in Lithuania. City Municipality in Lithuania. Possible contribution of Kaunas II STATE OF THE ART 5. [95] The fleeing Jews were refugees from German-occupied Western Poland and Soviet-occupied Eastern Poland, as well as residents of Kaunas and other Lithuania territories. [49] It would hold this position until 28 October 1939, when the Red Army handed Vilnius over to Lithuania after its invasion of Poland. [166] Kaunas Hydroelectric Power Plant is the largest one in Lithuania. [141][135], The most notable Rationalism style buildings in Kaunas are: Christ's Resurrection Church (construction began in 1933, but it was converted into a radio factory from 1952 and so it was returned to the believers only in 1990 and was reconstructed in 2005), palaces of Pienocentras (architects Vytautas Landsbergis-emkalnis, K. Reisonas), Paangos with Art Deco decoration elements (architect F. Vizbaras), Physical Culture (architect V. Landsbergisemkalnis, now belongs to the Lithuanian Sports University), Prekybos, pramons ir amat (1938, architect V. Landsbergisemkalnis), Taupomj kas (1939; architects A. Funkas, B. Elsbergas, A. Lukoaitis; now is the primary building of Kaunas City Municipality);[135] Church of the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus (1938; architect A. alkauskis), Military Research Laboratory for the Lithuanian Ministry of National Defense (1938; architect V. Landsbergisemkalnis; now Faculty of Chemical Technology at Kaunas University of Technology),[142] Kaunas Clinics complex (1939; French architect U. Cassan), Kaunas Sports Hall (1939; engineer A. Rozenbliumas), Pasaka Cinema (1939), Romuva Cinema (1940), residential houses complex in V. Putvinskio Street (formed in 19281937). A four-form Jesuit school was opened in Kaunas in 1649. The units were bombed by the Luftwaffe and did not reach the city. Kaunas is famous for its basketball club, algiris, which was founded in 1944 and was one of the most popular nonviolent expressions of resistance during its struggle with the CSKA Moscow. Aleksotas Church of St. Casimir, 1997, company Kraft Foods Lietuva administrative and laboratory buildings complex, 2001, shopping and entertainment center Akropolis, 2007), A. Karalius (building materials salon Iris, 2002, block of flats Auros namai, 2005), D. Paulauskien (e.g. [22] The oldest still functioning institution of higher education is Kaunas Priest Seminary, established in 1864. :: Istorija ir archeologija:: www.technologijos.lt", "Paskutinj Lietuvos karo aviacijos virinink prisimenant", "This Month in Holocaust History - Related Resources", "Ar Lietuva galjo isigelbti 19391940 metais? [51] Shortly afterwards, tension between Antanas Smetona and Augustinas Voldemaras, supported by the Iron Wolf Association, arose seeking to gain authority. In the 14th century, a castle was built here. At the end of the two day workshop, the Mayor and other representatives from the Municipality of Kaunas adopted a number of commitments, containing specific measures to help achieve sustainable and healthy mobility and transport by 2023. Prior to the Second World War, Kaunas, like many cities in Eastern Europe, had a significant Jewish population. It led to new forms of resistance: passive resistance all around Lithuania. The first phase of the Standard gauge Rail Baltica railway section from etokai to Kaunas was completed in 2015. [160], The Lithuanian Central Credit Unionnational cooperative federation for credit unions established in 2001, is located in Kaunas. Follow their code on GitHub. [74] Soldiers, officers, senior officers and generals of the Lithuanian Army and LRU members, who were seen as a threat to the occupiers, were quickly arrested, interrogated and released to the reserve, deported to the concentration camps or executed, which made many, trying to avoid that fate, join the Lithuanian partisan forces. The rebels radioed the Germans for assistance. [80][81] About 5,000 occupants were killed in Lithuania. Kaunas railway station, built in 1953), complex engineering structures (Kaunas Hydroelectric Power Plant, built in 1960). [72] While the Lithuanian Riflemen's Union, subordinate to the army commander, had over 62,000 members, of which about 70% were farmers and agricultural workers. [19] Palemon fled from Rome because he feared the mad Emperor Nero. [27][22] Furthermore, in the 16th century Grand Duchess Bona Sforza achieved that the Kaunas Eldership to become a property of the Jagiellonian dynasty and since 1533 she carried out the Volok Reform. In 1862, a railway connecting the Russian Empire and Imperial Germany was built, making Kaunas a significant railway hub with one of the first railway tunnels in the Empire, completed in 1861. For the county (Kauno apskritis), see, Significant depictions in popular culture, I. iemele.
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