: Drunk-Driver Detection and Alert System (DDDAS) for Smart Vehicles level of the occupants/ persons on road [7-8]. It uses data provided by sensors and camera to detect whether the person is drunk or not. Keywords Machine Learning; Drunk Driving Detection; VGG-16; DenseNet, Embedded System. VGG is a popular deep convolutional neural network architecture that has been. Easy to install, VEHICLE ACCIDENT Microcontrollers are used in 9, pp. 2 and 3, are of solid rubber, and are generally semi-circular when viewed in top plan, with a top surface (see FIG. The World Health Organization (WHO) cautioned that traffic accidents will become the fifth leading cause of death. Starting in 2010, as part of the Pascal Visual Object Challenge, an annual competition called the ImageNet Large-Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC) has been held. drunken drivers. Each strip 10 includes, as noted above, an entrance section 18 which may be of any desired length, but which in a typical embodiment might be on the order of about 100 feet long. 1. GSM. 10, in circuit with each switch, a device for playing a recording to be transmitted so that it can be picked up by radio in a patrol car standing by, said device being designated 82; a time printing device, such as a time clock, designated 84 adapted to print the year, month, date, hour and second when a circuit therethrough is closed; a radar speed determining device 86 adapted to provide a print-out of the speed of the vehicle while the circuit is closed; and a printing device 88 adapted to print a particular, selected word identifying the strip section that has been crossed by a vehicle. Power. As shown in FIG. It uses data provided by sensors and camera to detect whether the person is drunk or not. Assistant Professor, Pressure chamber 30 has a flat bottom wall 32, on which transversely spaced, parallel, continuous, low, wide spacer ribs 34 are formed. Breath alcohol detectors, commonly used by police officers to detect signs of intoxication in drivers, have been found to pose potential hygiene risks. The top wall of this chamber is resiliently flexible, so as to be capable of being forced downwardly by a vehicle tire. TRICHY. Computer Science Department, for the proper guidance, valuable support, and helpful comments during the proofreading. 6 and 9, at the front end of the strip section 18, a relatively thin permanent magnet 38 is adhesively secured as at 40. Biometrics is a hot research area with numerous publications the last few years. 8, the recess 56, when viewed in cross-section, is shaped similarly to the openings 42, 48 of the magnets. Again, this is entirely within the discretion of the police officers, and the width of the check lane 14 might also be established by legislation in the particular state or municipality in which the spot check for drunk drivers is to be made. A sensor detects the amount of alcohol on the driver's breath, and if he or she is over the legal limit, the car won't start. The concept behind this second proposed approach relies on a physiology-based face identification procedure. vehicle ignition At opposite sides of the cavity or chamber 48 of magnet 46, there are smooth-walled openings adapted to receive screws 50. Drunk driving is a severe problem in most countries around the world, and the governments of all countries have established punishments and methods to prevent drunk driving activities, including increasing penalties for driving under the influence, joint penalties for passengers, revocation of driving license, and imprisonment, among others. Then, straight sections 26 are applied in end-to-end relation with each other and with the sections 18. Globally, 1.2 million people die and 50 million people are injured annually due to traffic accidents. These sections are also transversely spaced apart the same distance as the sections 18, in the present instance approximately nine feet. And, closure of the electrical circuit of section "1" may also be used to activate a printing device to cause the word "1" to be printed at the rate of once per second for as long as the circuit is closed. The technology-neutral legislation gives NHTSA three years to evaluate technologies and set the standard for impaired driving prevention technology on all new vehicles. In this way, any vehicle that does not negotiate the driving lane defined between the strips can be stopped immediately, while other vehicles that remain within the lane from end to end thereof can be permitted to proceed on their way without inconvenience, and without loss of time so far as the police officers are concerned. We validate our methods on standard benchmarks and achieve state of the art results for both real and apparent age estimation.We.mainly uses a convolutional neural network (CNN) to predict the age of a person starting from a single input face image. widely used for image classification tasks, while DenseNet is a more recent architecture that is designed to improve the flow of information between layers in the network. In the context of drunk driving detection, deep learning models can be trained to recognize subtle changes in facial expression, speech patterns, and other features that are indicative of intoxication. To ensure that the properties of the two data are similar, five pre-processing steps are required: face detection, face calibration, histogram equalization, median filtering, and grayscale. Section A-B is the entrance section, having the compound curvature that must be negotiated by the vehicle. 2 is a greatly enlarged, fragmentary top plan view of the entrance end of one of the strips; FIG. The test data generated are classified for age-group 18-30, 31-50, >51.[1]. And, finally, left and right hand switches 52 are provided at the exit end of section D-E, actuated in the same manner. "It's monumental," said Alex Otte of Mothers Against Drunk Driving. Four commonly adopted kernel functions are studied. These areas are the best candidates for identifying a drunk person. Tutorial on User Profiling with Graph Neural Networks and Related Beyond-Acc How and Why ($) to improve web performance.pdf, Introduction to Enterprise Resource Planning, Un enfoque prctico para implementar confianza cero en el trabajo hbrido, Engineering Services: con gli ingegneri per creare valore sostenibile, Analysing, Deciding, Doing: How to develop and execute an effective strategy, HelloCloud.io - Introduction to IaC & Terraform, DevDive_UnleashthFullPotentialofAutomationwithGenAI.pptx, Github Copilot vs Amazon CodeWhisperer for Java developers at JCON 2023, ERP Implementation Challenges and Troubleshooting. 1. Two deep neural networks were combined in this study for a two-stage identification system. The other, parallel strip 10 has its corresponding portion 20 spaced inwardly from the second conventional lane marking 12, thereby providing a check lane 14 of a width that is substantially less than the width of the ordinary driving lane defined between the painted, permanent lane markings 12. III-MCA, It was found that specific areas in the face of a drunk person present an increased thermal illumination. As such, a precise ECG-based DDD (ECG- DDD) using a weighted kernel is developed. According to national statistics, although there is a downward trend in incidents of drunk driving accidents year on year, the results are still limited, and the suggested measured have not completely discouraged drunk driving. Evaluation shows that ECG-DDD improved the accuracy by 8% to 18% compared to prevailing methodsDrunk driving detection (DDD) is an efficient way to reduce the tragedies and the expenditures due to traffic accidents. If Similarly, the right hand switch 52 at the exit of section A-B is closed whenever the vehicle rides up or over the right-hand boundary strip of the section. By Sean Tucker 09/21/2022 8:48am. It is also shown that parts, cheek, neck, and hand are useful to detect drinking. Furthermore different deep-learning algorithms can be used in future to increase the accuracy of the overall system. FIG. (e) an alarm circuit actuatable responsive to said engagement of the contact means, to generate a signal indicating the failure of the vehicle to negotiate the traffic lane successfully. Research has been carried out (Jain et al., 1999) in several biometric problems, such as face and fingerprint recognition, facial expression classification and iris identification with high rate of success. The system . Section 28 merely guides the vehicles out of the test lane, and has no associated switch 52. Similarly, there are left and right hand switches at the exit end of section C-D, responsive to pressures exerted against the boundary strips at the left or right of the lane, within the confines of this section of the system. Heretofore, equipment for checking vehicle operators to determine whether they are driving under the influence of alcohol has been used successfully by police officers. In a very basic, completely simplified set-up, each switch 52 may be connected to no more than an electric lamp and/or an alarm bell, since the invention does not comprise the construction of the alarm devices, but rather, the structure shown in FIGS. 1, it may be noted that as shown in FIG. The system determines the age in the first stage and loads the corresponding drunk driving model to the second stage to perform the final alcohol test evaluation. 3; FIG. 4 is a transverse section, on a scale enlarged above that of FIGS. Each strip 10, in addition to the first or entrance section 18, includes a selected number of straight, identically formed intermediate sections generally designated 26, and then terminates in an exit or second end section 28. when violating traffic rules, Science Applications International Corporation, PAYOR NUMBER ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: ASPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: SMALL ENTITY, PATENT EXPIRED DUE TO NONPAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEES UNDER 37 CFR 1.362, Method and apparatus for detecting vehicle occupants under the influence of alcohol, Roadway sensors and method of installing same, Instrumentation for minimally invasive unicompartmental knee replacement, Device for preventing a driver under the influence of drugs to use a motor vehicle. Summarized briefly, the present invention involves the provision, basically, of a pair of elongated strips, each of which is composed of a plurality of readily separable sections. Rather, the housing is preassembled with the diaphragm 58 and the magnet or magnetically attractable element 46, though the provision of the screws 50. We have derived the driver's condition in real time environment and we propose . compatible family of 8 bit microcontrollers Systems that monitor the driver's head and eyes, typically using a camera or other sensors that are inside the vehicle Alcohol detection systems that use sensors to determine whether a. They have developed alcohol detection sensors that will be soon be launched on American roads for the first time. PREVENTION SYSTEM Despite efforts to increase public awareness and strengthen laws and regulations surrounding drunk driving, this dangerous behavior continues to be a serious public safety concern. 12 is a fragmentary exploded perspective view of a modified strip section; and. The main reason for driving drunk is that the police are not able to check each and every car and even if they catch any one the police can be easily bribed. Thus, each section, at its exit end, is provided with its own switch, adapted to be closed responsive to a temporary reduction in the volume of the pressure chamber 30 thereof. At the exit end of section A-B, there are transversely aligned switches 52, one at each side of the exit from this section. The particular construction of each strip is shown to best advantage in FIGS. 13 is a transverse sectional view of the modified strip section shown in FIG. Also, the use of virtual instrumentation provides high flexibility, unlike traditional solutions. can accept commands from microcontroller UART DC motors M1 and M2. In order to address this issue, there has been growing interest in developing more reliable and accurate methods for detecting signs of intoxication in drivers. system has to create on effective alcohol In this form of the invention the strip section 90 includes a base piece 92 of molded rubber or the like, and overlying the base there would be provided a transversely curved cover or tread element 94. 16, no. PATENT EXPIRED DUE TO NONPAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEES UNDER 37 CFR 1.362. In this letter, a classifier for DDD based on ECG is investigated in an attempt to reduce traffic accidents caused by drunk drivers. Screws 50 extend through the registering openings of the magnet and diaphragm, and are threadedly engaged in threaded recesses 60 formed in the housing 54 at opposite sides of the recess 56. 2-9. The necessary training images are acquired after the age image preprocessing stage in Fig. Ribs 98 are spaced from the tread element 94, when the base and tread element are assembled in the manner shown in FIG. 10, it is there shown schematically that when the system is laid out at a selected location along a highway, the several switches 52 thereof are connectable to a source of electricity 80, such as a battery, and each switch is also in circuit with any of various conventional signaling and/or recording devices selected by the users of the detection system. It is closely related to the prediction of other biometrics and facial attributes tasks such as gender, ethnicity, hair color and expressions. The advantage of an arrangement such as shown in FIGS. The pressure chamber 30 is continuous, within section 18 throughout the length of the integrally joined entrance portion 20, intermediate portion 22, and exit end portion 24. At the present time, the authorities, and indeed the population in general, are becoming more and more concerned about the problem of motorists operating their vehicles on city streets or highways while under the influence of alcohol. The second stage of the drunk driving recognition uses self- recorded data, including images from 124 subjects: 77 people aged 1830, 25 people aged 3150, and 22 people aged 51 years, of which 110 subjects are used for training. We also entered a variant of this model in the ILSVRC-2012 competition and achieved a winning top-5 test error rate of 15.3%, compared to 26.2% achieved by the second-best entry.ImageNet is a dataset of over 15 million labeled high- resolution images belonging to roughly 22,000 categories. AT+CMGS Send message. The data is further processed using specific algorithm and methods to detect whether person is drunk or not. the training set from each pixel. Although the results of this paper are better, the accuracy needs to be further improved in the future. The Alcohol Sensor to check on driver is drink or not. The Driver Alcohol Detection System for Safety Program, funded largely by the federal government, seeks to develop devices that will automatically detect when a driver is intoxicated with a blood . microcontroller is one of 1. Guidance of The strips are hollow, and contain pressure chambers, the volume of which is reduced whenever a vehicle tire crosses or rides along one of the strips. not able to check each and every car and even if they catch This system detects the presence of alcohol molecule in the driver blood sample and displays the results by referring to the alcohol concentration detected from the driver's blood once the driver wants to start driving the vehicle. Even though police use a breath-alcohol tester for the detection of drunk driving state of a person, but due to the residue left on the mouthpiece it may not be accurate and isnt an hygienic method. 2 and 3). 8) through a transverse channel or recess formed in the underside of the switch housing and designated 73. And, it is equally of importance that whenever the boundary strips are to be taken up and transported, they should be capable of being rolled up upon spools or the like, not shown, in coils of perhaps four feet diameter. Apparatus as in claim 1 wherein the curved portion of each strip has a curvature occurring between straight portions of the strip and curved along lines that will form a curved area of the traffic lane between straight but transversely offset straight areas thereof. The sleeves are of brass or other electrically conductive metal which will afford resistance to corrosion and the elements, and receive hex head screws 66 having rounded surfaces. 4. M.NANDHAGOPAL, As given in fig. The system is able to measure the alcohol concentration from breath sample and control the operation of the car ignition system to prevent drunk driving. AJITH GEE VARGHESE 1, BIBIN BINOY 1, DEEPANSHU TARAGI 1, Dr. C SAHAYA KINGSLY 2, 1 Department of Computer Science, Mangalam College of Engineering, Ettumanoor, Kerala, 2Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science, Mangalam College of Engineering, Ettumanoor, Kerala. The devices are typically designed to be used multiple times by different individuals, and the mouthpiece can become contaminated with saliva, bacteria, and other substances over time. Through experiments the accuracy of the method is shown and is compared with that by the decision tree C4.5. al, 2016) [6]. This study suggests a two-stage deep neural network for identification. It has almost same function as Arduino Duemilanove but uses different packages. Ajith Gee Varghese, Bibin Binoy, Deepanshu Taragi, Dr. C Sahaya Kingsly, 2023, An Intelligent Deep-Learning based Drunk Driving Detection System, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY (IJERT) Volume 11, Issue 01 (June 2023), Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, Integrating Possibilistic Programming and Throughput Accounting for Return Optimization of Aggregate Production Planning, Design And Implementation of Portable Soil Fertility Testing Device, Multibody Dynamic Simulation of A Mountain Bike To Reduce Riding Injuries During A Jump Event, Effects on Earthquakes Resistant Buildings and the Environment, How To Improve Performance of High Traffic Web Applications, Cost and Waste Evaluation of Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) Model House in Kenya, Real Time Detection of Phishing Attacks in Edge Devices, Structural Design of Interlocking Concrete Paving Block, The Role and Potential of Information Technology in Agricultural Development. 1-9, 11, and 12. The tread element 94, on the other hand, would be thinner and more flexible, so as to permit it to resiliently yield under the pressure of the vehicle tire T when the vehicle is driven erratically and rides up upon or crosses over the boundary strip. A readily portable apparatus adapted to be laid out upon a road surface as an aid in checking motorists for possible dirver impairment, comprising: (a) a pair of parallel, identically formed inspection lane boundary strips, each strip having a portion formed with a distinct curvature in the direction of the length of the strip and a fluid pressure chamber having closures at both ends thereof sealing the chamber against leakage, said chamber having a resiliently flexible top wall adapted to be depressed by a vehicle wheel so as to temporarily reduce the volumetric capacity of the chamber and thereby transmit an increased fluid pressure longitudinally of said curved portion to the ends of the chamber, the closure at one end of the chamber being of a material unyielding in the presence of said increased pressure, the closure at the other end of the chamber being formed as a resiliently flexible diaphragm stretched across said other end and adapted to deflect under said increased pressure longitudinally outwardly of the chamber; (b) means for temporarily locating said strips upon a road surface in a transversely spaced relation selected to form therebetween a traffic lane that has a distinctly curved area defined by the curved portions of the strips whereby when a vehicle rides up upon at least one of the boundary strips the curved traffic lane has not been successfully negotiated, and the presence of an impaired driver is indicated; (c) first electrical contact means mounted on the diaphragm exteriorly of said chamber so as to shift therewith longitudinally outwardly of the chamber; (d) second contact means mounted in the strip exteriorly of said chamber in the path of deflection of the first contact means and engageable by the first contact means on deflection of the diaphragm; and. 2; FIG. 1-9 and 11-13 for the readily portable drunk driver test lanes and associated switches. In a more specific sense, the equipment is of the type utilizing a pair of portable strips between which a driving lane is defined, with said strips being adapted to be quickly attachable to the highway surface, in positions such as to require that the motorists pass therebetween, and do so in a manner that will quickly indicate whether or not they are capable of operating a vehicle safely, in the sense of maintaining their vehicles along a proper course. To incorporate the important features, the feature vectors are weighted in the customization of kernel functions. To improve their performance, we can collect larger datasets, learn more powerful models, and use better techniques for preventing overfitting.This paper describes about a deep convolutional neural network to classify the 1.2 million high-resolution images in the ImageNet LSVRC-2010 contest into the 1000 different classes. DRUNKEN DRIVER DETECTION SYSTEM ABSTRACT: At present drunken drivers have increased enormously and so is the deaths due to drunken drivers. Driving under the influence of alcohol is a significant problem worldwide, resulting in countless accidents, injuries, and fatalities each year. Stage 1: A portion of the photos used to train the network are taken from the IMDB-WIKI dataset [1], and the remainder data were uniquely gathered for this purpose. As each section 26 is put down, its end piece 76 is abutted against the switch housing of the next preceded section. The IMDB-WIKI dataset and self-collected information are used to conduct age discrimination. The age dataset of the first stage of this work uses partial images from the IMDB-WIKI dataset and self-collected image data, with the age dataset being divided into three categories, namely 1830 years, 3150 years, and 51 years. The SMS will contain the current location and the state of the person. In this article. 10 represents a more complex arrangement, but for the purposes of the present invention, it is only important to note that the switches are in circuit with a source of electrical power, so that when any switch is closed it can actuate one or more electrical alarm devices or the like, either through direct connections by wire conductors to said devices, or alternatively, by activation of a radio transmitter to send a signal to a patrol car or other location where the police may be posted. The test boundary strips are very close to the opposite sides of the vehicle, so the vehicle must be operated with care as it proceeds through the test lane. To reduce overfitting in the fully-connected layers we employed a recently-developed regularization method called dropout that proved to be very effective. detector in vehicle. Under the legislation, monitoring systems to stop intoxicated drivers would roll out in all new vehicles as early as 2026. Alcohol Detection of Drunk Drivers with Automatic Car Engine Locking System Authors: Emmanuel Gbenga Dada University of Maiduguri Hamit Isseini Hamed Adebimpe Adekunle Lateef Opeyemi Ajibuwa. The screws may also be of brass or other non-corrosive, electrically conductive material, similar to that of the sleeves, and are normally in spaced relation to a conductive bridge element 68 (see FIG. Applications are met in medicine, financial transactions, person identification and mainly in security issues. The recorded voice would then continue to speak the word "1" at the rate of once per second for as long as the circuit is closed. If the operator of the vehicle V is unable to maintain the proper spacing from the respective strips 10, and rides up on one or the other of the strips, or crosses over a strip, the tire T of the vehicle will depress the top wall 36, which is flexible, though normally possessed of sufficient resiliency as to maintain the form thereof shown in FIG. Referring to FIG. However, this detection is time consuming and the accuracy has not been specified. WHO concludes that 70% of the worlds population can be protected if strong restrictions are imposed on drunk drivers. Throughout this continuous length of the main body of the section 18, pressure chamber 30 has the cross-sectional shape shown to best advantage in FIG. The showing of FIG. Drunk driving is the reason behind most of the deaths, so the Drunk Driving Detection With Car Ignition Locking Using Raspberry Pi aims to change that with automated, transparent, noninvasive alcohol safety check in vehicles.
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